Emma英语- 22 高效学习的秘诀，超级实用的动词短语，你了解吗

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Okay you've been asking for this video for a long time, so here it is! Phrasal verbs in English.

好，你们要求这门课已经很长时间了，那么现在准备好了！英语中的动词短语。

I'm Emma from mmmEnglish! Now, why are phrasal verbs so difficult to learn?

我是 Emma， 来自mmmEnglish！那么，为什么动词短语如此难学呢？

Because there are many of them, because they're so commonly used that they can become overwhelming, because one phrasal verb can have multiple meanings. For example, the phrasal verb "put down" can mean to place something down on the ground or a surface, to humiliate or criticise someone or to kill an animal that was sick or suffering.

因为很多动词短语都非常常用，所以很难应对，而且一个动词短语有多重意思。例如，动词短语 "put down" 意思可以是“把某物置于地上或表面上”，“羞辱或批评某人”，或者是“杀掉生病或痛苦的动物。”

Many phrasal verbs are idiomatic, as well, so their meaning is not always as the individual words suggest. For example to "look up to someone" can mean that you respect them.

很多动词短语属于惯用语，也就是说，它们的意思不总是像单个单词释义的那样。例如，"look up to someone" 的意思可以是你尊重他们。

You don't actually have to be shorter than someone and physically looking up to them to be able to use this phrasal verb. No wonder phrasal verbs are so frustrating!

并不是你真的比某人矮，需要在身体上仰视他们才能用这个短语。难怪动词短语如此让人费解！

If you're determined to understand more about phrasal verbs, then this lesson is for you. I'm going to teach you six things that you need to know about phrasal verbs.

如果你下定决心要学习更多的动词短语，这节课就是为你准备的。我打算教大家关于动词短语你需要知道的6件事。

Starting with what is a phrasal verb actually? A phrasal verb is a standard verb such as put, go, or take, plus one or two particles.

我们从到底什么是动词短语开始。动词短语是一个标准动词，如put，go，或者 take，加上一个或两个小品词（副词或介词）。

Now don't let that confuse you! A particle in a phrasal verb is either a preposition or an adverb.

不要让这迷惑了你！动词短语中的助词既可是一个介词也可以是一个副词。

Go out, go after, go together, go away. These are prepositions and these are adverbs.

出去，追求，一起走，走开。这些是介词，而这些是副词。

But of course, there are many, many more phrasal verbs. Hang out, look after, bring together, put away, hang up, look out for, bring out, put up with.

当然了，还有很多很多动词短语。闲逛，照顾，集合，收起来，挂断，留意，出版，忍受。

Now, once you know how to recognise a phrasal verb you need to learn how to use it correctly and one of the first things that you need to find out is is it a transitive or an intransitive phrasal verb? If it's transitive, you need something or someone after the verb.

那么，如果你知道如何辨识一个动词短语，你需要学会如何正确地使用它，而这当中你首先需要知道的就是它是一个及物动词短语还是一个不及物的动词短语？如果是及物的，你需要在动词后加某物或者某人。

If it's intransitive, it stands on its own. Take the example from before, the phrasal verb "look up to" which means to respect or admire someone but this phrasal verb always has to be followed by a person, by someone.

如果是不及物的，它需要独立使用。以之前的动词短语为例，"look up to"，意思是尊重或敬佩某人，但是这个动词短语总是要接一个人称，修饰某人。

You can't just say "I really look up to" The first thing that I would have to ask them is who?

你不能直接说“我真地尊敬”首先我不得不问他们“谁”？

Who do you look up to? "Look up to" is a transitive phrasal verb.

你尊敬谁？"Look up to" 是一个及物动词短语。

You need to have someone after the phrasal verb to make it make sense. But some phrasal verbs are intransitive which means they work fine on their own.

你需要在它后面加上某个人称，才能是其有意义。但有些动词短语是不及物的，也就是它们自己就可以有意义。

For example, to "grow up" means to mature and you never need to add an object here. Here are a few examples of how this works.

例如，"grow up" 意思是成熟，你不需要加任何宾语。这里有一些说明这是怎么回事的例子。

He grew up in Singapore. Your children are growing up so fast!

他在新加坡长大。你的孩子长大得太快了！

What do you want to be when you grow up? Now some phrasal verbs are either transitive or intransitive, depending on the meaning.

你长大后想成为什么？有些动词短语既是及物的又是不及物的，这取决于它的意思。

So take the example "come over" which has two meanings. The first is an intransitive phrasal verb and it means to visit someone in the place where they are, usually their house.

以"come over"为例，它有两种含义。第一个是不及物动词短语，意思是到某人所在的地方拜访某人，通常是他们家里。

Why don't you come over? It stands on its own.

为什么你们不来拜访呢？它可以独立使用。

But "come over" can also be transitive if a feeling suddenly comes over you or an emotion that affects you in a strong way. You would say that that emotion came over you.

但是 "come over" 也可以作为及物动词短语，如果表示一直感觉突然向你袭来，或者是你深深地受到了某种情绪的影响。你可以说那种情绪抓住了我。

A wave of anger came over him. So whether a phrasal verb is transitive or intransitive, it's important to know because it helps you to understand how to use it correctly.

一股怒气席卷了他。所以了解一个动词短语是及物的还是不及物的非常重要，因为它会帮助你理解如何正确使用它。

Now in addition to knowing if a phrasal verb is transitive or intransitive, you also need to know if it's separable or inseparable and this is as simple as it sounds! Separable means that the verb and the particle are able to be separated in the sentence.

那么除此之外，想知道一个动词短语是及物的还是不及物的，你还需要知道它是可拆分的还是不可拆分的，这就和它听起来一样简单！可拆分的意思是这个动词和助词在句子中是可以分开的。

So for example, the phrasal verb "take on" which means to become responsible for something. It's a transitive phrasal verb it doesn't make sense on its own.

例如，动词短语 "take on"，意思是对某事负责。它是一个及物动词短语，所以它不能单独成意。

I'm going to take on the project. But we can also say I'm going to take the project on.

我将负责这个案子。但我们还可以说我将负责这个案子。

We can separate the words in the phrasal verb so it's separable. Now an inseparable phrasal verb means that we can't separate the main verb from the other words in the phrasal verb.

我们可以把这个动词短语中的单词分开，所以它是可拆分的。那么一个不可拆分的动词短语意思是我们不能将其中主要的动词和其他词分开。

No way! Let's go back to the example "look up to".

不可以！我们回来看 "look up to" 这个例子。

So we know that this is a transitive phrasal verb. It's also an inseparable phrasal verb.

我们知道这是一个及物动词短语。它也是一个不可拆分的动词短语。

You can't separate the words in the phrasal verb. It's not possible to say "look someone up to" or "look up someone to".

你不能把这个短语里的单词分开。不可以说 "look someone up to" 或者 "look up someone to"。

It just doesn't work because it's inseparable. Here's an example of how it could work though.

因为它是不可拆分的，所以这样是没有意义的。这里有一个例子说明如何使用它。

I really look up to your dad. Now learning whether a phrasal verb is transitive or intransitive or separable or inseparable, right from the start, will help you to use it correctly from now on.

我很敬佩你的父亲。那么从一开始就了解一个动词短语是及物还是非及物，是可拆分还是不可拆分，会帮助你从此正确地使用这个短语。

So when you learn a new phrasal verb, it's really important that you write it down. Write down a few awesome sentences of your own just to practise using the phrasal verb and applying the rules that I've just mentioned.

所以当你学习一个新的动词短语时，写下来很重要。自己写下一些不错的句子，以便练习使用动词短语并且应用到我刚才说的规则。

Now, phrasal verbs are just multi-word verbs. So they need to be treated like any other verb in a sentence.

那么，动词短语就像是多个单词组成的动词。它们需要和句子中的任何其他动词同样对待。

They need to show us which tense is being used and they need to match the subject that they're being used with. I give up! It's too hard.

它们需要表明使用的是什么时态，并且要和搭配的主语相匹配。我放弃了！太难了。

He always gives up without really trying. We're not giving up yet!

他总是丝毫不努力就放弃。我们还没放弃呢！

I thought you'd given up! See how the verb changes each time with the tense.

我认为你会放弃！注意动词每次是如何随时态变化的。

Next tip. Find the right phrasal verbs to practise.

下一个秘诀。找正确的动词短语练习。

Firstly, don't type "phrasal verbs" into Google and then wait for a big list to appear and try to memorise them. This will completely overwhelm you!

首先，不要在谷歌里直接搜索 "phrasal verbs" 然后等着看到一个长列表，并试着背诵它们。这会让你完全崩溃的！

You need to look for and find the phrasal verbs that are relevant to you and that are commonly used because there are thousands of phrasal verbs in English but you will never need to know all of them! But you will need to know the ones that are coming up in your life.

那些和你相关的而且常用的动词短语你才需要查找了解，因为英语中有成千上百的动词短语，你永远也不能了解全部的它们！而那些出现在你生活中的你才需要学习。

Right? The important ones for you. So you need to look for them.

对吧？那些对你重要的。那么你需要查询它们。

Read the news. Read blogs that you love. Read the transcripts of TEDTalks.

读新闻。看你喜欢的博客。看TED演讲的文本。

Read magazines and articles that are related to your profession. For example, take a blog post from your favourite English blog about English or just written in English.

看杂志和涉及到你专业的文章。例如，从你喜欢的有关英语或者只是英语写的博客中下载一篇博文。

Go through it and highlight all of the phrasal verbs that you see. Study how they're used.

通读它，并且加亮你看到的所有动词短语。学习它们是如何使用的。

Another great way to look for how phrasal verbs are used is to use Google or any other search engine to search for specific phrasal verbs in the news search tab. So I'll type in the phrasal verb.

另一种查询如何使用动词短语的不错方法是用谷歌或任何其他搜索引擎，在搜索标签中寻找特殊的动词短语。那么我会打上动词短语。

Let's try "put up" and that's going to bring up a whole list of current examples where that phrasal verb has been used in context. Look!

我们试试"put up"，那么接着会出现一整个列表，文本里都是使用动词短语的实时例子。看！

Breaking Bad house owners put up fence. So they built a fence.

《绝命毒师》的屋主搭建了篱笆。那么他们搭建了篱笆。

Here, someone will be put up for sale. So he's made available for sale.

这里，有人将开始出售。那么他将其公开出售了。

Another. Signs will be put up.

另一个。迹象会出现。

Women don't have to put up with something. These are all different ways that this phrasal verb can be used.

女人没有必要忍受的一些事。这些都是这个动词短语可以应用的不同方式。

Anyway the point is you're exploring which phrasal verbs are commonly used in recently written documents online. You're learning them in context and often in a context that's interesting to you!

总而言之，关键在于你是根据网上的信息文件探索最近有什么常用的动词短语。你在文本中学习它们，而通常是这篇文本让你有兴趣！

Now, practise using phrasal verbs in the right way. Focus on topics, not on alphabetical lists because that is how you're going to use phrasal verbs while writing or talking about a topic or issue.

现在，试着以正确的方式练习动词短语。专注于主题，而不是字母表顺序，因为你是在写作或讨论一个主题或问题时需要用到动词短语。

For example, if you're planning to take a holiday soon think about all of the phrasal verbs you might use on your trip. Get on the bus.

例如，如果你计划将要去度假，那么想想你可能在旅途中会用到的动词短语。乘公交车。

Take off in the plane. Pick up the hire car.

下飞机。开租来的车。

Pack up your suitcase. Go out for dinner.

收拾好行李。出去吃晚餐。

Hang out with friends. And if you don't know all the phrasal verbs that you might need, then try looking at a blog post about the topic to inspire you or search YouTube for a lesson that can help you to learn this vocabulary.

和朋友出去闲逛。而且如果你不知道你需要的所有动词短语，试着看相关主题的博文来激发思路，或者是在 YouTube 上查找课程，来帮助你学习这类词汇。

Or go to a list of phrasal verbs and see which ones will be helpful to talk about travel. But don't forget to pay attention to whether they're transient or intransient, separable or inseparable.

也可以找一个动词短语的列表，看看哪些对于谈论旅行有帮助。不要忘了注意它们是及物还是非及物，是可拆分还是不可拆分。

Another great way to practise is to start with a list of phrasal verbs - about ten would be perfect. They could be the ones that you highlighted earlier from the blog post.

另一个不错的练习方式是从一个动词列表开始，包含10个短语最好。可以是你之前从博文中找到的加亮短语。

Remember? Now try to write your own story using the phrasal verbs.

记住了么？那么试着用这个动词短语来写你自己的故事。

So use a dictionary if you need to and check the meaning. And to check if they are transitive or intransitive, or separable or inseparable because the dictionary will tell you that!

如果你需要的话可以用一本词典，查询意思。并且查看它们是及物还是非及物，是可拆分还是不可拆分，这些词典里都会告诉你。

Now let me show you with an example. Take these phrasal verbs, as the example.

我现在给你们看一个例子。以这些动词短语作为例子。

Hang out, look after, take over, put away, clean up. On Thursdays I look after my nephew in the evening, because my sister works late.

闲逛，照顾，接管，放好，清理。在周四晚上，我照顾我的外甥，因为我姐姐要加班。

I only live over the road, so I usually take over dinner and we have a picnic in the back garden. He's very cute but very cheeky.

我就住在马路对面，我通常会负责晚餐，我们在后院花园野餐。他很可爱但也很厚脸皮。

I spend most of my time putting away his toys and cleaning up after him. But I love to hang out with him!

我花费了大量的时间收拾他的玩具并且追在他身后清理。可是我喜欢跟他出去闲逛。

So I just built a really simple story about this list of phrasal verbs. Now it doesn't have to be true and it doesn't have to be really intelligent but it challenges you to think creatively and to use these phrasal verbs.

我只是用这个列表里的动词短语构造了一个非常简单的故事。那么不一定要真实，也不一定要非常精彩，而是挑战你用这些短语创造性地思考。

So, those are my top tips for learning and using English phrasal verbs. Do you have any other tips that you want to share with everyone here?

这就是我对于学习和使用英语动词短语的秘诀。你有任何其他的建议想要和大家分享吗？

Add them to the comments, I'd love to see your suggestions. I'll be making more videos about phrasal verbs soon but for now, why don't you check out these lessons right here?

把它们放在评论区，我会很高兴看到大家的建议。我会尽快制作更多关于动词短语的视频课，你们为何不点击这里的课程呢？

And make sure you subscribe to the mmmEnglish YouTube channel just here so that you never miss a lesson! Thanks for watching and I will see you next time.

你一定要订阅 mmmEnglish 的YouTube频道，这样你就不会错过任何一节课！感谢观看，我们下次再见。

Bye for now!

拜拜！