美国网友问：越南人认为他们的祖先是中国人吗？为什么？

秦朝时期，大秦军队已经征服了百越民族聚居的部落，算是把他们纳入了秦朝的版图之内，当时还在那里设立了三郡，那时的越南算是中国的一个边陲省级地区。后来的两千年中，分分合合，越南地区脱离了中原王朝自己独立建国了，不过由于地域不大，兵力不强，再加上抱大腿心态，所以一直都是我国的藩属国。在美版知乎Quora上，美国网友提问道：越南人认为他们的祖先是中国人吗？这个问题引起各国网友的围观和热议，我们看看他们的观点。

越南网友Leo Tam的回答

Hahaha, this is a controversial topic. After all, it is about politics, genetics and culture.

哈哈哈哈，这是一个会引起争论的话题，毕竟这关乎政治、基因和文化。

1. The first thing we need to understand is that there are differences between people in the south and north of Vietnam. This can be seen from their appearance that southerners are darker and northerners are whiter. There are also significant differences in facial features and appearance.

1、 我们首先需要了解的是，越南南部和北部的人之间存在差异。这一点可以从他们的外表看出，南方人更黑，北方人更白。面部特征和长相也有显著差异。

The people in northern Vietnam are very similar to those in Guangdong and Guangxi, and the people in southern Vietnam are very similar to those in Malaysia and Cambodia.

越南北部的人与中国广东和广西的人非常相似，南越人与马来西亚人和柬埔寨人非常相似。

2. Vietnam and China have a history of close interaction and exchange, which has been recorded for thousands of years. According to records, many people from southern China migrated to Vietnam and settled and lived here.

2.越南和中国有着密切互动和交流的历史，这一历史已被记录了数千年。据记载，许多来自中国南方的人移居到越南，并在此定居和生活。

The current gene testing results show that a high proportion of Vietnamese in the north come from ethnic minorities in southern China, even the Han nationality. The Vietnamese in the south have high genetic composition of Malay and other races.

目前的基因检测结果显示，北部的越南人有很高比例的基因来自中国南方的少数民族，甚至汉族。南部越南人具有马来人和其他种族的高度遗传成分。

In fact, I have discussed this topic with Vietnamese experts. They said that at least 20 million to 30 million Vietnamese have Han nationality genes. If we know exactly the genes of ethnic minorities in southern China, the proportion may be as high as 70% to 80%.

事实上，我和越南的专家讨论过这个话题，他们说，至少有2000万至3000万越南人拥有汉族基因，如果确切到中国南方少数民族的基因，占比可能会高达70%至80%。

3. But there are many reasons why Vietnamese resist taking Chinese as their ancestors. If you suddenly tell anyone that their ancestors are Chinese, they will be very unhappy, right?

3.但越南人抗拒将中国人作为祖先有很多原因，如果你突然告诉任何人说他们的祖先是中国人，他们都会很不高兴，对吧？

To this end, Vietnamese scientists conducted a genetic analysis study to prove that Vietnamese are more like Thai than Chinese. However, the results of genetic analysis in France show that people in southern Vietnam are related to Cambodians, Malaysians and Thais, but people in northern Vietnam have Chinese genes.

为此，越南科学家进行了一项基因分析研究，以证明越南人更像泰国人，而不是中国人。但法国基因分析的结果显示，越南南部的人与柬埔寨人、马来西亚人和泰国人有亲缘关系，但越南北部的人有中国基因。

In fact, from the perspective of China, most Chinese people actually believe that Vietnamese and Chinese are related by blood. I personally admit that. Otherwise, I won't buy two houses in Vietnam.

事实上，从中国方面来看，大多数中国人实际上都认为越南人和中国人有血缘关系。我个人承认这一点。否则，我就不会在越南买两套房子了。

What I want to say is that military and other issues are the business of politicians. They are different from ordinary people. Teeth can bite the tongue, and brothers and sisters can fight, right?

我想说的是，军事和其他问题是政客们的事，他们与老百姓不同。牙齿还能咬舌头，兄弟姐妹也还能打架呢，对吧？

海外网友西蒙•莫里的回答

The questioners clearly have a strong China-centered view. The fact that Vietnamese culture is Chinese culture does not mean that Vietnamese people think they are Chinese. Do the British or French think they are Romans (Italians) or Greeks because their culture and civilization are based on Greco-Roman heritage? Otherwise, the Vietnamese would not spend so much time and energy to oppose the rule of the North for thousands of years, and have excellently maintained their national and national identity.

提问者显然有强烈的以中国为中心的观点。越南文化是中国文化的事实并不意味着越南人认为自己是中国人。英国人或法国人是否认为自己是罗马人（意大利人）或希腊人，因为他们的文化和文明是基于希腊-罗马的遗产？否则，越南人就不会花费那么多时间和精力来反对北方几千年的统治，并出色地保持了他们的民族和民族身份。

One thing you and other China-centered thinkers need to note is that a large number of published research documents and books prove that most of China's cultural values are based on the heritage of Baiyue (including the heritage of modern Vietnamese). An obvious example is a man named Th ầ n ô ng-Goity Farming, who was arbitrarily regarded as a "pure" Chinese ancestor. Please note that his naming method follows the Vietnamese word order, rather than the Chinese word order of *農神 (N ô ng Th ầ n - Nongshen). Another example is 陰陽 (Yin and Yang - â m d ươ Ng), not * yang yin-d ư ngâm）。 There are still several sources for your reference.

你和其他以中国为中心的思想家需要注意的一点是，大量出版的研究文献和书籍证明，目前中国的大多数文化价值观都是基于百越的遗产（包括现代越南人的遗产）。一个明显的例子是一位名叫神農 （Thầnông-Goity Farming），他被武断地认为是“纯粹”的中国祖先。请注意，他的命名方式遵循越南语的语序，而不是*農神 （Nông Thần-农神）的汉语语序。另一个例子是陰陽 （阴阳-âm dương），不是*陽陰 （yang yin-dưngâm）。仍然有几个来源可以供您参考。

Finally, I personally still believe that China or Chinese culture and civilization is an influential culture and civilization. However, it must be recognized that the values of the Chinese people are not equal to all the cultural values of the Han people. For the Han people, "Nanman" (you may want to call it that) is not "barbaric" at all. They also have their own culture and civilization.

最后，我个人仍然认为中国或中国文化和文明是一个有影响力的文化和文明。然而，必须认识到，中国人的价值观并不等于汉族人的全部的文化价值观。对于汉人来说，“南蛮”（你可能想这样称呼）根本不是“野蛮”的，他们也有他们自己的文化和文明。

越南网友Ralph Nhatrang的回答

Vietnamese intellectuals have formed a very unique understanding of the composition of the identity of "Chinese". Based on this premise, even the Chinese themselves cannot regard the Chinese as their ancestors. In this view, "Chinese" has never been a kind of national identity, but a kind of citizenship, namely Hoa Ha (Chinese). Therefore, anyone can be a Chinese, or abandon the Chinese identity. The reason why the Vietnamese nation appears is because the rebels are aware of their own citizenship.

越南知识分子对“中国人”身份的构成形成了一种非常独特的理解，基于这个前提，即使是中国人自己，也没有办法将中国人视为祖先，在这种观点下，“中国人“从来不是一种民族身份，而是一种公民身份，即Hoa Ha(華夏), 因此，任何人都可以是中国人，也可以抛弃中国人的身份，越南民族之所以出现，是因为反叛分子意识到自身的公民身份。

Another view is that the Han nationality is Chinese, but in this view, the Han nationality, the Jin nationality and many other nationalities come from the same legendary ancestors. Therefore, it is unfair to say that the Han nationality is the ancestor of the Jinyue people, but this is related to the mythological origin of the nation, not the scientific origin. According to chromosome research, of course, many East Asian nations share a common gene pool, but this has nothing to do with whether Vietnamese think other people are their ancestors.

另一种观点认为汉族是中国人，但在这种观点下，汉族和金族以及其他许多民族来自共同的传说祖先，因此，说汉族是金越人的祖先是不公平的，但这与民族的神话起源有关，而不是科学起源。根据染色体研究，当然，许多东亚民族有着共同的基因库，但这与越南人是否认为其他人是他们的祖先无关。

新加坡华裔网友杰森的回答

Based on the phenotype alone, I would say no.

仅根据表型，我会说不。

I am 100% southerner, and my ancestral home is Fujian and Guangdong. This means that I am of the same origin as Hong Kong people and Taiwan people. I also have several colleagues from Vietnam. I don't think I look like them at all, so do my family.

我是100%的南方人，祖籍福建和广东。这意味着我和中国香港人和中国台湾人属于同一个血统。我还有几个来自越南的同事。我觉得我长得一点都不像他们，我家里人也是。

I grew up in Singapore, where there are a large number of southern Chinese. I'm sure that if you consider the color of skin, the similarity between Chinese in Singapore and Vietnamese is not higher than that of Thai or Laotian, because some Thai or Vietnamese may be very white, while some Chinese may be very black. There are many overlaps between South Asians and Southeast Asians, but you can often tell the difference between them.

我在新加坡长大，那里有大量的南方华人。我很肯定，如果你考虑到肤色的话，新加坡华人和越南人的相似度并不比泰国人或老挝人的相似度高，因为有些泰国人或越南人可能很白皙，而有些中国人可能很黑。南亚人和东南亚人之间有很多重叠之处，但你经常可以分辨出两者的区别。

In addition, appearance is very inaccurate for accurately locating the geographical region of a person's ethnic origin. I have been mistaken for Korean many times... Korean minorities. I used to go to a Korean grocery store in Champagne, Illinois. When I told my boss that I was Chinese, she acted incredibly.

此外，长相对于准确定位一个人的种族起源的地理区域来说非常不准确。我多次被误认为韩国人。。。韩国少数民族。我过去常去伊利诺伊州香槟市的一家韩国杂货店，当我告诉老板我是中国人时，她表现得难以置信。

As far as genotype is concerned, the answer is still negative. I quoted my own answer to this question: Are Koreans genetically closer to Vietnamese or Koreans/Koreans/Japanese?

就基因型而言，答案仍然是否定的。我引用了我自己对这个问题的回答：韩国人在基因上更接近越南人还是朝鲜人/韩国人/日本人？

According to this 2004 paper (Page on nature. com), in terms of the distribution of Y haploid, the Chinese in the South Han Dynasty (SH) are obviously very close to the Chinese in the North Han Dynasty (NH), and are very different from the Dai and South Asians. To some extent, there are some small but significant similarities between the Han and Miao nationalities in the south in the distribution of Y haploid. This means that the South Han Dynasty and the North Han Dynasty have paternal lineage.

根据这篇2004年的论文（Page on nature.com），在Y单倍群分布方面，南汉（SH）中国人显然与北汉（NH）中国人非常接近，与傣族和南亚人截然不同。在某种程度上，在Y单倍群分布方面，南方汉族和苗族之间存在一些小但显著的相似性。这意味着南汉和北汉拥有父系血统。

However, the DNA distribution of the tripod represents a very different picture. In terms of maternal lineage, the Han nationality in the south is roughly between the Han nationality in the north and the Dongtai ethnic group, the South Island ethnic group, the South Asian ethnic group and the Miao and Yao ethnic group.

然而，三足类的DNA分布描绘了一幅截然不同的图景。就母系血统而言，南方汉族大致介于北方汉族和侗台人种、南岛人种、南亚人种和苗瑶人种人之间。

From this point, we may conclude that the people of southern China are genetically closer to the people of northern China than the modern Vietnamese.

从这一点上，我们可能可以得出结论，中国南方人在基因上更接近中国北方人，而不是现代越南人。

However, Cavalli Sforza's research in the early 1990s showed that the Yangtze River was the main obstacle to gene exchange between people in Northeast Asia and Southeast Asia. His research divided the people of southern China into groups with Vietnamese and other Southeast Asians.

然而，卡瓦利·斯福尔扎（Cavalli Sforza）在90年代的早期研究表明，长江是东北亚人和东南亚人之间基因交流的主要障碍。他的研究将中国南方人与越南人和其他东南亚人分为一组。

越南网友Nguyen的回答

Vietnam is a country located in the Southeast Asian Peninsula region, with a population of nearly 100 million and 54 ethnic groups. The largest ethnic group in Vietnam is the Jin nationality, but also known as Vi ệ, accounting for 86% of the country's population. The Jin nationality itself is a cultural center nation, not a genetic center nation. The Jin nationality can be considered as the Romans. People become the Jin nationality while accepting the Jin culture and nationalism. This explains the appearance, customs, habits and cuisine of the Jin people in all provinces and regions.

越南是一个位于东南亚半岛地区的国家，人口近一亿，54个民族。越南最大的民族是金族，但也被称为Việ，占全国人口的86%。金族本身是一个文化中心民族，而不是一个遗传中心民族，金族可以被认为是罗马人，人们在接受金族文化和民族主义认同时成为金族。这就解释了金族人普及到各省和地区的外表、风俗、习惯和美食。

Although the Jin nationality is a mixture of ethnic minorities and tribes. It has a core, attracting and assimilating other minorities through war and immigration.

尽管金族是少数民族和部落的混合体。它有一个核心，通过战争和移民吸引和同化其他少数民族。

By 2019, Vinmec announced its largest Vietnam genome research project, and the results of the project were once again surprising. Nevertheless, this is the first large-scale Vietnamese genome database, including decoding the genomes of 305 healthy relatives of Wenmek, and combining the data of 101 genomes previously published.

到2019年，Vinmec宣布了其最大的越南基因组研究项目，该项目的结果再次让人感到惊讶。尽管如此，这是第一个大规模的越南基因组数据库，包括对文梅克305名健康亲属的基因组进行解码，并结合之前发表的101个基因组的数据。

The Vietnamese Jin people overlap with the Thai people (Yunnan Dai people) and the CHS people (Chinese in the south). We should note that:

越南金人与泰族（云南傣族）和CHS（南方华人）大量重叠，我们应该注意到：

• South Islanders (PI for Philippines) also seem to be very close to Vietnamese. They are great sea travelers, and it is not surprising that many of them have settled in Vietnam. In fact, I have also seen the Vietnamese custom of chewing Pa'an and blackening their teeth in the mountains and Dai people.

•南岛人（PI代表菲律宾）似乎也很接近越南人。他们是伟大的海上旅行者，他们中的许多人定居在越南也不足为奇。事实上，我在高山和傣族人中也看到了越南人嚼帕安和牙齿变黑的习俗。

• Of course, some southern Chinese are closer to Vietnamese relatives than other southern Chinese, but far from the northern Chinese. I guess they are more Chinese in genetics, so they are no longer close to Vietnamese relatives.

•当然有一些南方华人比其他南方华人更接近越南亲属，而与北方华人相距甚远。我猜他们在遗传学上更加中国化了，所以他们不再接近越南亲属了。

At the same time, million M ư ờ ng people, T à y people, H'Mong people and Th á i people live in northern Vietnam, and are also very close to the ethnic minorities in southern China, northern Laos and northern Thailand. M ư ờ ng is very close to the Jin people. H'Mong actually only existed in Vietnam for 200 years. They recently migrated from southern China to the mountainous provinces in northern Vietnam on a large scale.

同时，百万Mường人、Tày人、H'Mong人、Thái人生活在越南北部，也与中国南部、老挝北部和泰国北部的少数民族非常接近。而Mường与金人非常接近，H'Mong实际上只在越南存在了200年，他们最近才从中国南部大规模迁移到越南北部山区省份。

The Zhan people in central Vietnam are closer to the South Island people in Southeast Asia than most of the Jin people. Khmer Krom people in southwest Vietnam are brothers and sisters of 17 million Cambodian Khmer people.

越南中部的湛族人与东南亚群岛的南岛人比大多数的金族人更接近。越南西南部的高棉克罗姆人是1700万柬埔寨高棉人的兄弟姐妹。

I believe that due to Vietnam's socialism, the influence of the geopolitical situation between Vietnam and its neighbors in the past 70 years, and the development of Vietnam's economy. Some southern Chinese and South Asians have always believed that Vietnamese are foreigners and even enemies

我认为，由于越南的社会主义，以及近70年来越南与邻国之间地缘政治局势的影响，以及越南经济的发展。有些中国南方人和南亚人一直认为越南人是外人乃至于敌人…

In fact, when some Westerners told them that they looked like Vietnamese, many Chinese and Cambodian people were angry. They were surprised to find that there were Vietnamese genes in their blood vessels.

事实上，当一些西方人告诉他们他们长得像越南人时，许多中国人和柬埔寨人都感到愤怒，他们惊讶地发现自己的血管里竟然会有越南人的基因。

I think the answer should be that some southern Chinese are close to Vietnamese, not everyone. Some Southeast Asians are close to Vietnamese, but not all of them are. Vietnamese are between Southeast Asia and East Asia in terms of geography, genetics and culture.

我认为答案应该是，一些南方华人接近越南人，而不是所有人。一些东南亚人与越南人关系密切，但并非所有人都如此。越南人在地理、遗传学和文化方面处于东南亚和东亚之间。

越南网友李康的回答

Vietnamese people are genetically not very similar to southern Chinese people.

越南人在基因上与中国南方人不太相似。

In fact, you can distinguish Vietnamese from native Han people by the following facial differences. Vietnamese have clear facial structure, deep eye socket and large eyes. In addition, many Vietnamese have lids. The following image released by another Quora user shows typical Vietnamese facial features.

事实上，你可以通过以下面部差异来区分越南人和土生土长的汉族人。越南人面部结构清晰，眼窝深，眼睛大。此外，许多越南人有双眼盖。另一位Quora用户发布的下图显示了典型的越南面部特征。

If you see that the so-called "Chinese" have similar facial structures, it is because they are actually Vietnamese (Vietnamese ancestors living in China). This is because the southern provinces of China used to belong to Vietnam, which was called South Vietnam at that time.

如果你看到所谓的“中国人”有着相似的面部结构，那是因为他们实际上是越南人（越南祖先生活在中国的中国人）。这是因为中国的南部省份过去属于越南，当时被称为南越。

On the other hand, the native-born Han people have flat facial structure, shallow eye sockets, inclined eyes and single eyelid. The following picture is typical of the pure Han people.

另一方面，土生土长的汉族人面部结构扁平，眼窝浅，眼睛倾斜，单眼皮。下面的图片是典型的纯汉族人的样子。

Some Chinese people look like Vietnamese because they have Vietnamese ancestors and are actually Vietnamese Chinese. The reasons are as follows:

一些中国人看起来像越南人，因为他们有越南祖先，实际上是越南华人。原因如下：

1. Before China's reunification in 221 BC, Vietnam had existed for more than 4000 years before 2000 BC. There are other countries in China's current northern provinces, such as Qin, Chu, Han, Wei, Zhao, Qi and Yan. This is similar to Europe, which is composed of many countries.

1.在公元前221年中国统一之前，越南在公元前2000年之前已经存在了4000多年。在中国目前的北方省份还有其他国家，如秦、楚、汉、魏、赵、齐和燕。这类似于由许多国家组成的欧洲。

Vietnam is called Vietnam by these seven countries. This is similar to that China is called "China" in English, but China uses different names to address itself in Chinese. Seven countries, Qin, Chu, Han, Wei, Zhao, Qi and Yan, exist in China's present northern provinces. At that time, Vietnam's territory included what China called "Vietnam", that is, China's current southern provinces. In fact, China's own history shows that "Vietnam" territory was not part of China at first.

越南被这七个国家称为越国。这类似于中国在英语中被称为“China”，但中国在中文中用不同的名称称呼自己。秦、楚、汉、魏、赵、齐、燕七个国家存在于中国现在的北方省份。当时，越南的领土包括中国称之为“越”的领土，即中国目前的南部省份。事实上，中国自己的历史表明，“越”领土最初不是中国的一部分。

3. In 221 BC, the State of Qin conquered the State of Chu, the State of Han, the State of Wei, the State of Zhao, the State of Qi and the State of Yan. The seven conquered countries became China. Then China continued to try to conquer Vietnam. Vietnam lost its northern provinces because of its joint army of seven countries. Therefore, the northern provinces of Vietnam have become the current southern provinces of China. When Vietnam lost its northern provinces, some Vietnamese continued to stay there. This is why these "Chinese" are actually Vietnamese/Vietnamese, so they look like Vietnamese.

3.公元前221年，秦国征服了楚国、汉国、魏国、赵国、齐国和燕国。这七个被征服的国家变成了中国。然后，中国继续试图征服越南。越南因其由七个国家组成的联合军队而失去了北方省份。因此，越南的北部省份成为中国目前的南部省份。当越南失去北部省份时，一些越南人继续留在那里。这就是为什么这些现在的“中国人”实际上是越南人/越南人，所以他们看起来像越南人。

4. China's feudal culture valued men over women, resulting in the imbalance between the male and female population. So some Chinese men go to Vietnam and marry Vietnamese women. This is another reason. Some Chinese people have Vietnamese ancestors and look like Vietnamese because they are actually Vietnamese.

4.中国封建文化重男轻女，导致男女人口失衡。所以一些中国男人去越南，娶越南女人为妻，这是另一个原因，一些中国人有越南祖先，看起来像越南人，因为他们实际上就是越南人。