印度网友：新加坡日本这样的弹丸小国都是发达国家为何印度不是？

根据世界银行数据，21年印度的人均GDP是2277美元，属于中低收入经济体。根据现在发达国家的门槛，这一数字要在2万美元以上。在印度独立 75 周年庆祝典礼上，总理莫迪当着全国人民的面，描绘了一个极为光明的未来场景。他放出豪言：印度在 25 年后，也就是 2047 年时，要成为发达国家。在美版知乎Quora上，印度网友提问道：新加坡日本这样的弹丸小国都是发达国家为何印度不是？这引起各国网友的围观和热议，我们看看他们的观点。

问题

印度网友Bhushan的回答

Although I am an Indian, I hope to live in Japan and become a Japanese. I know that some Indians may be dissatisfied with my remarks, but I still want to explain my views. On this issue, in addition to the historical factors mentioned by many people, I think there are some current factors that support/hinder progress. Let's take a look at the talent differences among the three peoples.

虽然我是印度人，但我希望生活在日本，成为一个日本人，我知道可能一下言论会引起个别印度人不满，但我仍要说明我的观点。关于这个问题，除了许多人所说的历史因素外，我认为还有一些支持/阻碍进步的当今因素，让我们看看三国人民的天赋差异。

For Japan:

对于日本：

1. The Japanese work hard. They love their work and are willing to contribute more. Because of their efforts, they can always recover quickly from crises, earthquakes and other disasters.

1.日本人很努力。他们热爱自己的工作，愿意多出力，由于他们的努力，他们总是能够迅速从危机和地震等灾难中恢复过来。

Most Indians are lazy. They want to do as little work as possible to maximize profits. No matter what kind of crisis happens, they will take a long time to recover.

印度人大多很懒。他们想做尽可能少的工作，妄想获得最大的利润，无论何时发生何种危机，他们都需要很长时间才能恢复。

2. The Japanese are honest. There are few thieves here. It's very safe. But in India, you are afraid of being stolen, cheated, murdered or raped.

2.日本人很诚实。这里很少有盗贼，非常安全。但在印度，你害怕自己的东西被偷、被骗，害怕被谋杀或被强奸。

3. The Japanese government is also honest and not corrupt. People have confidence in the government. For example, after the disaster in 2011, many banknotes were found in the soil, and all citizens gave the money they found to the government. And we will see new tax items every day. You can never expect people to trust the Indian government!

3.日本政府也是诚实的，不腐败。人们对政府有信心。例如，2011年灾难之后，在土壤中发现了许多纸币，所有公民都把找到的钱交给了政府。而我们每天都会看到新的纳税名目，你永远不能指望人们信赖印度政府！

4. Japanese respect others. They are supportive, kind and helpful, and will not hinder others' progress. They appreciate every small idea and innovation, and they behave appropriately. Indians enjoy abusing and belittling others. They are jealous of others' progress. You can never expect any random person to help you. You can find many selfish people in India. New innovations or ideas are suppressed, even criticized and ridiculed. Indians lack manners. They are rude and behave badly.

4.日本人尊重他人。他们支持、善良、乐于助人，不会妨碍他人的进步。他们欣赏每一个小点子和创新，他们举止得体。印度人乐于辱骂和贬低他人。他们嫉妒别人的进步。你永远不能指望任何随机的人来帮助你。在印度你可以找到很多自私的人。新的创新或想法被压制，甚至被批评和嘲笑。印度人缺乏礼貌，他们粗鲁、行为不端。

5. Japan speaks a unified language - Japanese/Japanese. Therefore, there is no language barrier and/or discrimination, and 125 million people understand Japanese. There are countless languages in India, but there is no unified universal language in practice. (English is not understood by all 1.2 billion people) We all know how contradictory the relationship between Hindi and Tamil is...

5.日本讲一种统一的语言-日本语/日语。因此，没有语言障碍和/或歧视，1.25亿人都懂日语。印度有无数种语言，但在实践中没有统一的通用语言。（英语并不是所有12亿人都懂的）我们都知道印地语和泰米尔语之间的关系有多对立。。。

6. There is no community violence in Japan. They believe in masculine Shintoism and Buddhism. There is no conflict between Shinto and Buddhism. Most people are both Shintoists and Buddhists. Today, almost half of the Japanese are atheists.

6.日本没有社区暴力。他们信奉男子气概的神道教和佛教。也没有神道与佛教的冲突。大多数人同时是神道教和佛教徒。如今，几乎一半的日本人是无神论者。

India has religious and community conflicts. We have Hindus against Muslims, Hindus against Sikhs, Hindus Muslims Sikhs and so on... attacking churches and temples... sighing... God knows there is no alternative....

印度有宗教和社区冲突。我们有印度教对穆斯林、印度教对锡克教徒、印度教-穆斯林-锡克教徒等等……攻击教堂和寺庙……叹息……上帝知道个中无奈。。。。

7. The Japanese people pay great attention to protecting the environment and keeping it clean. They have different waste disposal systems. You need to distinguish between combustible and non combustible waste, plastic and non plastic, organic and non organic waste, etc. People don't litter, they have enough dustbins and civic awareness.

7.日本人民非常注意保护环境，保持环境清洁。他们有不同的垃圾处理系统。你需要区分可燃和不可燃废物、塑料和非塑料、有机和非有机废物等。人们不乱丢垃圾，有足够的垃圾箱和公民意识。

Indians care little about their environment. You can see dirt and rubbish everywhere. People lack civic awareness and regard roads as dustbins. It is too much to expect them to classify waste.

印度人几乎不关心他们的环境和环境。你到处都能看到泥土和垃圾。人们缺乏公民意识，把道路当作垃圾箱。期望他们将废物分类太过分了。

8. High quality products made in Japan. Their technology, electronic products, cars and animation have their own "standards" and quality, which is usually unparalleled. In the same way, if you compare with India, you are no match.

8.日本制造优质产品。他们的技术、电子产品、汽车、动画都有自己的“标准”和质量，这通常是无与伦比的。同样的道理，如果你和印度比较，那就不是对手。

For Singapore:

对于新加坡：

1. Singapore is basically a city country. It does not have 1.2 billion people. The smaller the population, the easier it is to manage them.

1.新加坡基本上是一个城市国家。它没有12亿人口。人口越少，管理他们就越容易。

2. Singapore has very, very strict rules. You dare not throw a piece of garbage outside. You will be charged and prosecuted. Every citizen abides by the law. They must do so. Indians are proud to break the rules.

2.新加坡有非常非常严格的规则。你不敢把一个垃圾扔到外面。你会被指控和起诉。每个公民都遵守法律。他们必须这样做。而印度人以打破规则为荣。

Like India, Singapore is also a multicultural country where Chinese, Malays, Indians and whites coexist. People are very open-minded. India really should learn from them.

与印度一样，新加坡也是一个多元文化的国家，华人、马来人、印度人和白人共存。人们的思想非常开放。印度真的应该向他们学习。

印度网友马文•达克汗的回答

One of the biggest reasons Singapore has become a developed country is its first Prime Minister, Li Quanyao!! He was in office from 1959 to 1990!! And changed Singapore in a generation!! Even after that, he was a senior minister before 2004! In fact, as a city country, Singapore is easier to manage and has a superior geographical location. However, without correct policies, no city or country can develop!! He is regarded as a legend. He died at the funeral. World leaders including our Prime Minister attended the funeral!!

新加坡成为发达国家的最大原因之一是其第一任总理李全耀！！他从1959年到1990年一直在任！！并在一代人的时间里改变了新加坡！！即使在那之后，他还是2004年之前的高级部长！事实上，新加坡作为一个城市国家更容易管理，地理位置优越，但如果没有正确的政策，任何城市或国家都无法发展！！他被认为是一位传奇人物，他在葬礼上去世，包括我们的总理在内的世界领导人都参加了葬礼！！

Now talking about India, we have adopted the wrong economic policy from the very beginning!! The chief designer of these policies is Nehru! India is just a mixed economy with the same name. We follow the Soviet model! Our country is a hell for private entrepreneurs, because the government strictly controls industry!! It may be possible to follow this policy in the first decade after independence, but after the consolidation of national strength, India's economy should be open, or at least liberalize the market economy in the 1960s, so that India's private sector can flourish!! But it didn't start until 1991!!

现在谈到印度，我们从一开始就采取了错误的经济政策！！这些政策的首席设计师是尼赫鲁！印度只是一个同名的混合经济体，我们遵循的是苏联模式！我们的国家是私人企业家的地狱，因为政府对工业的严格控制！！也许在独立后的第一个十年里遵循这一政策是可以的，但在国力巩固之后，印度经济应该开放，或者至少在20世纪60年代实现市场经济自由化，这样印度的私营部门才能蓬勃发展！！但这直到1991年才开始！！

Now, compared with the United States, in most of the history of American industrialists, they have received government support! The reason why so many American companies are now large multinational companies (such as JPMorgan Chase, McDonald's, KFC, etc.) is that they have gained freedom in the United States and completely controlled the American domestic market (European companies have no freedom to operate in the United States)!! Therefore, in the era of globalization that began in the 1970s, most American companies are ready to take over the world!! India has nothing!

现在和美国比较一下，在美国工业家的大部分历史中，他们都得到了政府的支持！现在这么多美国公司都是大型跨国公司（如摩根大通、麦当劳、肯德基等）的原因是他们在美国获得了自由，完全控制了美国国内市场（欧洲公司没有在美国经营的自由）！！因此，到了20世纪70年代开始的全球化时代，大多数美国公司已经准备好接管世界了！！而印度则什么都没有！

印度网友Diwan的回答

Obviously, India has more potential because its birth rate and infant mortality rate are much higher, while Singapore and Japan have the lowest birth rate and infant mortality rate in the world.

显然，因为印度的出生率和婴儿死亡率要高得多，而新加坡和日本的出生率及婴儿死亡率是全世界最低的，所以印度要更有潜力。

Slow population growth makes it easier for people to feed and educate the population, develop the economy... Basically, everything has become easier.

缓慢的人口增长使人们更容易养活和教育人口，发展经济……基本上一切都变得更容易了。

Since 1990, India's population has increased by nearly 500 million! Can you imagine that in the beginning, a country about the size of Argentina had a population increase of 500 million in less than 30 years?

自1990年以来，印度人口增长了近5亿！你能想象吗，起初一个与阿根廷差不多大小的国家，在不到30年的时间里，人口增加了5亿？

Basically, any country with a slow birth rate, infant mortality rate and population growth will automatically develop in a few decades.

基本上，任何出生率、婴儿死亡率和人口增长缓慢的国家都会在几十年后自动发展起来。

Japan imports 60% of its grain, while Singapore imports 90% of its grain. Moreover, both countries have very little arable land. Therefore, if Japan and Singapore have high birth rates, poverty and problems may be seen everywhere in these countries. However, since they are both among the countries with the lowest birth rates in the world, it is easy to develop.

日本60%的粮食由进口，新加坡90%的粮食由其进口，而且两国的耕地都非常少，因此，如果日本和新加坡的出生率较高，贫穷和问题可能会在这些国家随处可见，但由于它们都是全世界出生率最低的国家之一，因此发展起来就很容易了。

As Japan and Singapore are already crowded and competitive, if the birth rate is high, they are likely to fall into poverty soon.

由于日本和新加坡已经很拥挤，竞争很激烈，如果出生率较高，它们很可能很快就会陷入贫困。

Since 1990, the population of Japan has been almost the same as it is now (only 3 million more than it is now)... The population of Japan has actually declined. If India's population had only increased by 100 million to 200 million since 1990, India would be more developed now.

1990年以来，日本的人口几乎与现在一样（只比现在多300万）……日本的人口实际上已经在下降。如果印度的人口自1990年以来只增长了1亿至2亿，那么印度现在可能会更加发达。

According to the population forecast, it seems that India should develop when its population growth stops and starts to decline in 2060. Then, it will automatically become easier to feed and educate the population, develop the economy and so on

根据人口预测，到2060年印度人口增长停止并开始下降时，印度似乎应该发展起来。然后，它将自动变得更容易喂养和教育人口，发展经济等等…

In recent years, India's birth rate and infant mortality rate have declined, but compared with each country with a high human development index, this rate is still very high.

近年来，印度的出生率和婴儿死亡率有所下降，但与高人类发展指数的每个国家相比，这一比率仍然非常高。

In addition, I'm not sure whether being more developed is a positive thing. It seems to be basically the same as the low birth rate, and development will also lead to some problems (such as pollution).

此外，我也不确定更加发达是否是一件积极的事情，似乎与低出生率基本相同，而且发展也会导致某些问题（比如污染）。

Very low birth rates can also lead to population extinction. The extremely low birth rate in many European and East Asian countries will reduce the population of Europe and East Asia by hundreds of millions in the coming decades. I want to know how the upcoming large-scale population decline in Europe and East Asian countries will affect the world.

极低的出生率也会导致人口灭绝。许多欧洲和东亚国家的极低出生率将导致欧洲和东亚人口在未来几十年内减少数亿。我想知道欧洲和东亚国家即将到来的大规模人口下降将如何影响世界。

We don't need to compare with Singapore and Japan. India is at its best!

我们不必和新加坡、日本比较，印度正在最好的时候！

德国网友塞恩的回答

I live in a small town in Germany. If my hometown is regarded as an independent country, it will be marked as a developed country. His per capita annual income is about 40000 US dollars, and the per capita income level is one of the criteria to measure whether a country is developed. Almost everyone in the town has been educated. They have electricity and all the infrastructure at home. It is not difficult to earn 40000 dollars annually. They achieved this achievement with little effort relying on a chemical company.

我住在德国一个小镇，如果我的家乡被视为一个独立的国家，它将被标记为发达国家。他的人均年收入约为40000美元，人均收入水平是衡量一个国家是否发达的标准之一。镇里几乎人人受过教育，家里有电力和所有的基础设施，年收入40000美元并不难，他们依靠一家化工公司几乎不费吹灰之力就达成了这一成就。

It does not take much effort to turn a small country into a developed country. It only needs a developed leading industry to become a rich country.

把一个小国变成一个发达国家并不需要花费很多努力，只需要有一个发达的主导产业，就可以成为一个富裕国家。

The complexity is that this development is extended to a vast continental country, which has a huge hinterland, and millions of people live far away from the sea or any city.

复杂的是，将这一发展扩展到一个幅员辽阔的大陆国家，这个国家有着巨大的腹地，有千百万人生活在远离大海或任何城市的地方。

People often fall in love with such city-state as Singapore or Dubai, but in fact, it is not difficult to build a Singapore. In our own country, Mumbai's GDP is equivalent to Singapore's. If the government does not use its taxes to finance other parts of the country, it may have better roads and infrastructure. It is not a big deal for a city to have an excellent port on the main trade route and become a rich city.

人们常常迷恋新加坡或迪拜这样的城邦，但事实上，建设一个新加坡并不难。在我们自己的国家，孟买的GDP与新加坡相当。如果政府不使用其税收来资助该国其他地区，它可能会拥有更好的道路和基础设施。让一个城市在主要贸易路线上拥有一个优秀的港口，成为一个富裕的城市并不是什么大事。

The complexity is that turning a place 1000 kilometers away from the port into a developed place, where there is no river and energy or schools are very limited, will take a long time and require a lot of resources. This is the challenge India faces in developing landlocked countries such as Bihar.

复杂的是，把一个距离港口1000公里的地方变成一个发达的地方，这个地方没有河流，能源或学校非常有限，这需要很长时间，需要很大的资源投入。这就是印度在发展比哈尔邦等内陆国家方面面临的挑战。

If turning a city with a population of 5 million into a developed country needs a talented person like Lee Kuan Yew, then turning a country with a population of 1.4 billion into a leader with 300 such talented people, there are not so many talented people in the world.

如果把一个拥有500万人口的城市变成一个发达国家需要一个像李光耀这样的才华横溢的人，那么把一个有14亿人口的国家变成一个需要300名这样才华横横溢的领导人，而世界上却没有那么多的能人。