京领嘉宾｜牛津大学终身正教授解读创新型人才应具有的品质

2022年5月30日14:00，京领诺奖创新论坛暨国际学校颁奖典礼盛大开幕，论坛坚持学术引领、创新驱动，旨在助力我国国际化创新人才培养事业发展。

本次诺奖创新论坛邀请诺贝尔奖得主与来自哈佛大学、宾夕法尼亚大学、牛津大学、剑桥大学的世界级学者与数十位全国知名国际学校校长齐聚一堂，共话中国国际教育升级发展，畅谈创新人才培养。

在来自哈佛大学、宾夕法尼亚大学、牛津大学、剑桥大学的世界级学者与数十位全国知名国际学校校长的共同见证下，本次论坛首次发布“京领全球领军校长”奖项，并为登上京领“中国国际学校品牌榜”、“中国国际学校创新榜”、“中国国际学校特色榜”三大榜单的学校颁奖。

同时，论坛重磅发布京领与青苗国际双语学校、华附国际部、天津英华实验学校、德胜学校（国际）、北京德闳学校、宏文学校、苏州工业园区德威联合书院、AISL哈罗学校、北京市私立汇佳学校、上海新加坡外籍人员子女学校等十所学校联合发布的十大研究报告，通过多维度分析中国国际学校的整体情况和国际教育发展趋势，总结剖析标杆国际学校的实践经验和办学成果，帮助国际学校把握未来发展趋势，帮助家庭做出最适合的择校选择。

牛津大学终身正教授梅鲁什教授作为重磅嘉宾进行开幕致辞，分享“创新型人才应具有的品质”。

梅鲁什教授

牛津大学教育学终身正教授

社会科学院院士

梅鲁什教授的研究对英国的社会政策做出了很大贡献，推动了1989年和2005年的儿童法案，以及2006年的儿童保育补贴。到目前为止，梅鲁什教授研究成果丰硕，发表学术论文300余篇，并因为在社会科学领域的杰出贡献，在2016年荣获大英帝国勋章。梅鲁什教授多年来为许多与儿童福祉有关的慈善机构和志愿组织无偿担任顾问，包括NSPCC, Save the Children, Action for Children等。

梅鲁什教授作为牛津大学教育学终身正教授、社会科学院院士，在本次论坛中进行了深刻的发言。梅鲁什教授的发言核心在于阐释——创新型人才具有什么样的品质。

大家好，我是梅鲁什教授，牛津大学人类发展学教授。祝贺京领发布了中国国际学校榜单系列，祝贺上榜的所有学校。京领发布的榜单专业、独特且意义非凡。作为中国的首个国际学校排行榜，它为国际学校制定了评价标准，并为想要申请美国和英国大学的中国家庭提供了很好的参考，进一步促进了创新型人才的培养。

1

创新的体现

创新体现在经济增长。近几十年来，创新在经济发展中起到了举足轻重的作用。创新可以带来更高的生产率，在输入不变的前提下产生更多输出。生产率变高，更多的产品和服务被生产出来，经济也随之增长。18世纪蒸汽机的发展就是一个典型的例子。蒸汽机的使用实现了大规模生产，通过铁路彻底改变了交通。最近的互联网也是一个例子，它改变了个人和公司的运作方式，开拓新的市场、新的工作和生活方式。另外，发达国家的创新技术有助于解决急迫问题，比如提供饮用水和消灭被忽视的疾病。

创新体现在团队合作。团队成员交流思想和知识，因此，团队的力量大于个人力量之和。与此相关的例子是篮球运动员迈克尔·乔丹。三年中，当乔丹拿到均场34分以上时，他的队伍没有赢得NBA总冠军；但当乔丹拿到均场30分时，他的队伍赢得了共计六次NBA总冠军。乔丹的队伍之所以能赢得冠军，正是因为整支队伍的重点从乔丹的个人得分变成了团队整体得分。

创新体现在多种形式。创新既可以是生活中从未出现过的新产品，也可以是对已有产品的改进。创新可以是进化，也可以是变革。拥有适应性的创新型人才会产生原创的想法，因为现有的事物需要进化，他们会提出变革的、原创的想法来挑战现有的模式。进化式创新来源于具有原创想法的创新型人才，这更符合现有范式；变革式创新包含提出创新想法，这是对现有范式的挑战。

2

创新型人才的品质

实现创新需要运用天赋。人们拥有天赋，但他们的天赋没有得到发展和重视，因此有的人不会发现天赋的存在，也不会知道应该如何运用天赋。所以，我们需要为人们创造空间，帮助他们实现才能。

创新型人才具有坚持不懈的品质。坚持不懈是创新型人才具有的最伟大的特性之一，它被定义为不问回报，不断地为目标奋斗。创新型人才对目标充满激情，并致力于实现目标，这使得他们拥有强大的毅力，即使遇到挑战、挫折和失败也不会放弃。在过去的研究中，我发现创新型人才具有这种品质，他们有能力控制注意力、控制行为、控制情绪。

创造力和坚持不懈共同构成了创新。想成为创新型人才，首先要有毅力，在困难面前继续实现目标。创新大约等于10%的创造力和90%的坚持。正如刚才所说，坚持不懈是创新型人才具有的最伟大的特性之一，它是神圣的，它对创新至关重要，它是创新型人才和非创新型人才之间最大的区别之一。

创新不仅需要毅力，还需要时间。遇到困难时，创新型人才不会放弃，但会从专注的、坚持的态度转变为非专注的、顺其自然的态度。如果长时间无法解决一个问题，他们可能会通过睡眠来进行休息。睡眠令他们的意识更具有灵活性，让他们的潜意识有时间看到更广阔的场景。从不同角度看待问题有助于找到更好的办法。

创新诞生于一段时间的思考。考虑用不同的方式构建问题，探索不同的解决方法，创新才会诞生。在申请戴森吸尘器的专利之前，詹姆斯·戴森开发了超过5000个原型机；在《白雪公主和七个小矮人》成为大热之前，华特·迪士尼做了将近20年的动画片。

我想给予你们两个建议。首先，创新并不容易，所以当你遇到苦难、陷入困境的时候，千万不要停下来。试着提出更多的想法或替代方法，你的下一个创意可能比你想象中的还要好。另外，实现创新需要时间，坚持是成功的关键。挫折、失败和陷入困境都是过程的一部分。记住，创新大约等于10%的创造力和90%的坚持。

这就是我今天想分享的内容。谢谢大家，祝大家一切顺利。

English Version

Hello. I'm Prof. Melhuish, professor of Human Development from the University of Oxford. First, let me offer my congratulations to the announcement of the International School Brand Value Ranking and international school with an innovative competitive ranking. I give my best wishes to the listed schools. KingLead rankings are very valuable, professional and innovative. It is the first ranking for international schools in China. It sets the evaluation standard for international schools and provides a good reference for Chinese families who want to apply to colleges in the U.S. or the U.K.. And further, it promotes the cultivation of innovators.

1

Embodiment of innovation

Innovation is reflected in economic growth. In recent decades, innovation has played a decisive role in economic development. Innovation can bring higher productivity and produce more output under the premise of constant input. As productivity increases, more products and services are produced, and the economy grows. The development of steam engine in the 18th century is a typical example. The use of steam engine has realized large-scale production and completely changed the traffic through the railway. The recent Internet is another example. It has changed the way individuals and companies operate, opening up new markets, new ways of working and living. In addition, innovative technologies in developed countries can help solve urgent problems, such as providing drinking water and eliminating neglected diseases.

Innovation is embodied in teamwork. Team members exchange ideas and knowledge, so the strength of the team is greater than the sum of individual strength. A related example is basketball player Michael Jordan. In three years, when Jordan got more than 34 points per game, his team did not win the NBA championship; But when Jordan averaged 30 points per game, his team won a total of 6 NBA championships. The reason why Jordan's team can win the championship is that the focus of the whole team has changed from individual to team.

Innovation takes many forms. Innovation can be either a new product that has never appeared in life, or an improvement on an existing product. Innovation can be evolution or change. Innovators with adaptability will generate original ideas. Because existing things need to evolve, they will put forward innovative and original ideas to challenge the existing models. Evolutionary innovation comes from innovators with original ideas, which is more in line with the existing paradigm; Revolutionary innovation involves creating original ideas, which is a challenge to the existing paradigm.

2

Quality of innovators

Innovation requires talent. People have talent, but their talent has not been developed and valued. Therefore, some people will not find the existence of talent and will not know how to use it. So we need to create space for people to help them realize their talents.

Innovators have the quality of perseverance. Persistence is one of the greatest characteristics of innovators. It is defined as striving for goals without asking for returns. Innovators are passionate about their goals and are committed to achieving them, which makes them have strong perseverance and will not give up even in the face of challenges, setbacks and failures. In the past research, I found that innovators have this quality. They have the ability to control attention, behavior and emotion.

Creativity and perseverance together constitute innovation. To become an innovative talent, we must first have perseverance and continue to achieve our goals in the face of difficulties. Innovation is about 10% creativity and 90% persistence. As just said, perseverance is one of the greatest characteristics of innovators. It is sacred. It is crucial to innovation. It is one of the biggest differences between innovators and non-innovators.

Innovation requires not only perseverance but also time. When encountering difficulties, innovators will not give up, but will change from a focused and persistent attitude to a non focused and natural attitude. If they can't solve a problem for a long time, they may sleep to rest. Sleep makes their consciousness more flexible and gives their subconscious mind time to see a broader scene. Looking at problems from different perspectives helps to find better ways.

Innovation comes from thinking for a period of time. Consider building problems in different ways and explore different solutions, and innovation will be born. Before applying for the patent of Dyson vacuum cleaner, James Dyson developed more than 5000 prototypes; Walt Disney produced cartoons for nearly 20 years before his first big hit Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs.

I want to give you two suggestions. First of all, innovation is not easy, so when you encounter difficulties and difficulties, do not stop. Try to come up with more ideas or alternatives. Your next idea may be better than you think. In addition, innovation takes time, and persistence is the key to success. Setbacks, failures and dilemmas are all part of the process. Remember, innovation is about 10% creativity and 90% persistence.

That's my final message for the day. Thank you for your attention and my best wishes to you all.