马丁•雅克：中国有能力成为不同于西方的现代化国家

来源：《中国报道》杂志

如今，世界上越来越多的人开始探寻中国发展背后的制度优势。中国制度为什么行？为什么管用？中国制度对世界有何影响？

近日，解读中国工作室采访了英国知名学者、剑桥大学政治与国际研究系高级研究员马丁·雅克和新加坡国立大学教授、联合国安理会前轮值主席马凯硕，制作两集微视频《“中国之治”的制度密码》，今天推出上集。

马丁·雅克（Martin Jacques），英国剑桥大学政治与国际研究系高级研究员。1945年出生于英国，曾担任《泰晤士报》、《星期日泰晤士报》、《卫报》和《新政治家》的专栏作家，以及《独立报》副总编辑，为BBC撰写和主持过多次电视节目。

对中国的伟大变革与政治制度，马丁·雅克会给出怎样的看法呢？让我们一起来看看吧。

It was very difficult to pull China together. It was occupied, it was invaded, it was divided. And this was an extremely difficult and painful period for China from, you know, from 1911, 1912 until the end of the second world war. What is remarkable really is that, what emerges was really the answer to this very difficult problem that China faced. And the Chinese communist party found a way to do it.

将中国团结在一起是非常困难的。它曾被占领、被侵略、被分裂。对中国来说，这是一段极度困难和令人心痛的时期。从1911、1912年，直到第二次世界大战结束。真正引人瞩目的是，那时诞生的中国共产党是解决中国面临的诸多棘手问题的真正答案。中国共产党找到了一条解决困难的成功道路。

In China, the society doesn't really operate very well without a strong state. It goes back so long this tradition, but the heart of China, which had the capacity to reconstruct and redefine China in a new and very different era.

在中国，没有一个强大的国家力量，社会就无法运转，这是源远流长的中国历史传统。但中国的核心精神在于，有能力在全新的时代重新构建、重新定义中国。

This was the achievement of the Chinese communist party. This was something which outside China has never been given the credit that it should be given. But I think in China it's of course greatly acknowledged. So this was a great moment for China.

这是中国共产党的成就。这一丰功伟绩曾在中国以外地区未被认可和赞扬，这是不应该的，当然在中国国内这是被广泛认可的共识。对中国来说，这是一个伟大的时期。

And it's found a way which is different from the western way, in all sorts of different ways to get to where it has. So that's one area I think has been very impressive.

中国共产党找到了一条在各个方面都与西方完全不同的道路，这令人印象深刻。

There's no question that the Chinese approach, the Chinese system is successful. When you've got a country that makes that kind of transformation, then you know the question is how did you do it…Chinese society has a great leadership.

毫无疑问，中国道路、中国制度是成功的。因为当一个国家实现从落后国家到现代国家的巨变时，问题就变成了如何去实现它。这是一个复杂的过程，但能够成功的关键原因在于中国有中国共产党作为杰出领路人。

You have to say that overseeing this transformation, remarkable transformation, it doesn't just happen. It doesn't just sort of fall out of the sky. You know, you need a government, or a party that can provide leadership to society, give it a sense of direction, and work out in a very practical sequence way. How to do it? That's very difficult. That's a hugely difficult process.

纵观中国令人瞩目的伟大变革，它们并非就这样随随便便发生了，它们并不是从天上掉下来的。中国需要政府、需要中国共产党，为社会提供指引，为它指明方向，并用切实有序的方法去管理整个社会，这是非常难以达成的、非常艰巨的过程。

And I think China's being is gifted, with a remarkable leadership. I would say also, this is a historical feature of China. I mean, you know, it goes back a long time. It's in the sort of tradition, the genes, if you like, of China, the statecraft is part of what China is very very good at. Hence its independent, Chinese society is dependent in a way, on having a strong capable state.

我认为中国拥有才能与天赋，有着非常卓越的领导者，这也是中国的历史特征，这是中国的传统，刻在中国的民族基因中。中国非常擅长于运用国家制度，使它被大众遵循——中国社会在某种程度上，依赖于一个强有力的国家制度。

So I think that we shouldn't be surprised then that when China begins to feel confident and strong enough to provide suggestions about how the world might be better on the kind of contribution it could make. Actually, China is very interesting and it has come up with some very interesting proposals in relation to this.

所以我们不该感到惊讶——当中国开始变得自信而足够强大，对如何让世界变得更美好提出自己的倡议，并作出一系列贡献。事实上，中国是非常有趣的，中国提出了非常有趣的主张。

I mean, the first was probably the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, the AIIB, and then on a much grander scale, I mean the belt and road.

首先是亚洲基础设施投资银行，接着又提出了更大规模的“一带一路”倡议。

China has a capacity to be in all senses a very modern country, with a very large influence in the world. And I'm confident that China can reach this point.

中国有能力在各种意义上成为一个现代化国家，并具备强大的世界影响力，我非常有信心中国可以达成这一点。

The primary axis is the relation with the developing world, and it sees itself as playing the role of assisting the modernization of these countries. And that's what I think is that is the most distinctive feature, I think, of Chinese globalization. We should view China's rise as one of these great forces of nature that it is irresistible.

与发展中国家建立友好关系是中国的重要工作，中国在许多发展中国家的现代化进程中，扮演着关键角色。这也是中国在全球化进程中最为显要的特征。我们应当把中国的崛起，看作是顺应历史潮流的大势，它是势不可挡的。