中国15岁学生荣膺“地表最强”

​当地时间3日上午9点，经济合作与发展组织（OECD）秘书长安赫尔•古里亚在OECD巴黎秘书处公布2018年“国际学生评估项目”（PISA）排名报告。

在全部79个参测国家和地区对60万名15岁学生的抽样测试中，以北京、上海、江苏、浙江作为代表的中国，在阅读、数学、科学三项测试中，分别获得555分、591分、590分，在所有参加测试的国家和地区中排名第一。

PISA是目前世界上最受关注的国际学生学习评价项目之一，包括学科测评和问卷调查，主要考量义务教育结束前学生具备的知识和技能等。评估报告每三年发布一次，下一次评估，将把创造性思维也纳入考量指标。

新加坡在此次评估中仅次于中国排名第二，中国澳门和中国香港分别位列第三、第四名，中国台北排在第17位。

High school students in Chinese mainland ranked first globally in reading, mathematics and science, according to a 2018 international benchmarking study by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) released on Wednesday.

Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) is done every three years by OECD to measure how well 15-year-olds worldwide make use of their knowledge to solve problems. The study is based on evaluation of nearly 600,000 students from 79 countries and regions. In the next test, in 2021, creative thinking will be included in the assessment.

Singapore came in second place, slipping from its previous top position in 2015.

中国PISA编年简史

PISA是经合组织在国际认可的第三方框架下，对全世界15岁学生进行的一项综合素养测评，始于2000年，主要目的是为各个国家教育政策决策者和执行者提供方向。

中国在2009年和2012年由上海学生代表参与评比，各科目评估中均位列榜首。

2015年，中国以北京、上海、江苏、广东四省市为代表参与评比，综合排名跌至第十，其中阅读排名第27位，数学排名第六，科学排名第十。

也有人提出质疑，认为代表中国参加评比的几个东部省是不能反映中国整体学业水平。对此，经合组织指出，这几个省市规模已经堪比很多西方国家，四省总人口超过1.8亿。此外，即便将四个地区表现最差的10%学生拿出来和某些国家表现最好的学生对比，中国学生依然占据上风，甚至高于平均水平。

不过报告也反映，中国学生的学习时间最长。我国四省市学生平均学习时间为57小时/周，比参测国家和地区的平均学习时间44小时/周多了13个小时，按照学习时间长短排序，在参测国家（地区）中排第1位。

The OECD first started participating in the triennial PISA in 2000.

China participated in the study in 2009 when students from Shanghai were selected as representatives and came out as champions in all three categories. In 2012, students from Shanghai again represented China to be evaluated and finished top in all areas as well.

China's overall ranking flopped to No. 10 in 2015 when it was represented by Beijing, Shanghai, Jiangsu and Guangdong that year. China placed 27th in reading, sixth in mathematics and tenth in science then.

In the latest survey, students from Beijing, Shanghai, Jiangsu and Zhejiang managed to get the first in all three categories; while students from Macao ranked third in all three categories, followed by Hong Kong in fourth place for reading and mathematics.

Top 3 in all three categories for PISA 2018. /CGTN Infographics

Responding to disputes that a few eastern regions cannot show the whole educational picture of the world's most populous county, the OECD said that each of them is comparable in size to many western countries, and have a combined population of over 180 million.

It added that even ten percent of the most disadvantaged students in these four regions showed better reading skills than the most advantaged students in some countries, and better performance than the average student in OECD countries.

However, the survey also indicated that Chinese students spend the longest time – about 57 hours per week on study, while the average figure among OECD countries is 44.

值得深思的幸福感调查

学生表现好，固然值得欣喜。

但评估中仍暴露出一些需要被重视的问题。

The PISA 2018 study shows that students are not happy at school. /VCG Photo

除了学术评估外，PISA的另一个评估领域是学生的幸福感，包括归属感和生活满意度。最新评估结果显示，很多学生的校园生活并不快乐。

中国四省市学生的阅读、数学和科学的学习效率在参测国家(地区)中排名靠后，分列第44位、第46位、第54位。且学校归属感指数为－0.19，满意度平均分为6.64分，在参测国家(地区)中分别排第51位和第61位。总体来说，学生幸福感偏低。

同时，中国学生学习时间较长，平均校内课堂学习时间为31.8小时/周，按照学习时间长短排序，在参测国家(地区)中排第4位，但学习效率一般。

另外，校园霸凌也是评估报告中一个不容忽视的问题。

Besides academic assessments, the PISA also asked performers about their wellbeing, including measures of belonging and life satisfaction. Results from the latest wellbeing study showed that students are not happy at school.

Only about two-thirds of students across OECD countries said they were satisfied with their lives, a share that dropped by five percent from 2015. Countries like the UK have some of the lowest scores for "life satisfaction." In the UK, 66 percent of students said they were sometimes or always worried, while the OECD average is 50 percent.

School bullying is also something that can't be ignored. Nearly a quarter of students reported being bullied a few times a month and 6 percent reported often feeling sad. Meanwhile, girls expressed a greater fear of failure than boys in almost every country, although they outperformed boys in reading by a large margin.