「龙腾网」美国的教育排名正在落后于世界其他国家

正文翻译
U.S. Education Rankings Are Falling Behind the Rest of the World
-How It Hurts the Economy and You

美国的教育排名正在落后于世界其他国家
——这是如何伤害经济和你的

新闻：
The United States is not investing as much in human capital as other developed countries. As a result, its comparative advantage is falling behind. For example, U.S. students' math skills have remained stagnant for decades.

美国在人力资本上的投资没有其他发达国家多。因此，美国的比较优势正在落后。例如，美国学生的数学技能几十年来一直停滞不前。
This means they are falling behind many other countries, such as Japan, Poland, and Ireland, which have greatly improved. In fact, U.S. test scores are now below the global average.

这意味着他们落后于许多其他国家，比如日本、波兰和爱尔兰，这些国家已经有了很大的进步。事实上，美国的考试成绩现在低于全球平均水平。
Comparing Test Scores

考试成绩对比

The U.S. scored 478 in math, below the OECD average of 489. That's well below the scores of the top five, all of which were Asian nations: Singapore at 569, Macao at 555, Hong Kong at 551, Taiwan at 531, and Japan at 527. China was not included in this ranking, since only four provinces participated.

美国的数学成绩为478分，低于经合组织489分的平均水平。排名前五的国家都是亚洲国家（地区）：新加坡（569分）、澳门（555分）、香港（551分）、台湾（531分）和日本（527分）。中国没有被包括在这个排名中，因为它只有四个省份参与。（译注：中国大陆得分591，此处外媒没好意思提）
In science, the United States scored at 502, above the OECD average of 489. The top five highest-scoring countries were Singapore at 551, Macao at 544, Estonia at 530, Japan at 529, and Finland at 522.

在科学方面，美国的得分为502，高于经合组织489的平均水平。得分最高的五个国家（地区）是新加坡（551分）、澳门（544分）、爱沙尼亚（530分）、日本（529分）和芬兰（522分）。（译注：中国大陆得分590）

Economic Impact of Education

教育对经济的影响
These low scores mean that U.S. students may not be as prepared to take high-paying computer and engineering jobs, which often go to foreign workers. While Silicon Valley is America's high-tech innovation center, one reason for its success is the cultural diversity of its foreign-born software engineers.

这些低分数意味着美国学生可能没有准备好从事高薪的计算机和工程工作，而这些工作通常都是由外国工人完成的。虽然硅谷是美国的高科技创新中心，但它成功的一个原因在于拥有外国出生的软件工程师的文化多样性。
Many companies simply outsource their tech jobs overseas. The result, however, is the same: There are fewer high-paying jobs going to American citizens because they may not be qualified.

许多公司只是把他们的技术工作岗位外包到海外。然而，结果是一样的：美国公民获得的高薪工作减少了，因为他们的能力可能不合格。
An economist from the Hoover Institution of Stanford University, Eric A. Hanushek, estimated that the U.S. economy would grow 4.5% in the next 20 years if our students’ math and science skills were as strong as the rest of the world's. However, this statement would likely come as a shock to many Americans who believe that our students' skills are already among the best in the world.

斯坦福大学胡佛研究所的经济学家埃里克·哈努谢克估计，如果美国学生的数学和科学技能与世界其他地区一样强大，那么美国经济在未来20年将增长4.5%。然而，这一声明可能会让许多美国人感到震惊，因为他们认为我们的学生的技能已经是世界上最好的了。
Perception vs. Reality

感知 VS 现实

One reason for this: Many states don't invest in education. The states that are poorest have lower education scores. This cycle creates structural inequality.

其中一个原因是：许多州不投资教育。最穷的州教育分数较低。这种循环造成了结构性的不平等。
Impact on U.S. Competitiveness

对美国竞争力的影响
This slippage in education, along with President Trump's trade policies, has hurt U.S. competitiveness.

教育水平的下滑，加上特朗普总统的贸易政策，已经损害了美国的竞争力。
The IMD World Competitiveness Center reports that the U.S. is ranked 10th in its 2020 Competitiveness Report. After ranking first in 2018, the U.S. fell to the third spot in 2019. The seven-point tumble to 10th place in 2020 represents the lowest the U.S. has ever been in the annual ranking system by far.

洛桑国际管理发展学院世界竞争力中心报告称，美国在其《2020年竞争力报告》中排名第十。美国在2018年排名第一，2019年跌至第三。到2020年，排名下降了7名，降至第10位，这是迄今为止美国在年度排名系统中最低的一次。

评论翻译
drgmaster909Conservative
This despite per-student spending trailing only 4 countries (Luxembourg, Austria, etc).
So where's all the money going and why are our students falling so far behind?

尽管人均学生支出仅落后于4个国家（卢森堡、奥地利等等）。
那么，所有的钱都到哪里去了？为什么我们的学生落后这么多？
Zerd85
Typically because when we talk about funding education, its usually to give teachers raises.
Teachers complain about "summer slump", which is a thing. Ive seen the data from my kids school district. But rather than spend money trying to introduce a new learning model, or updating the curriculum to encourage greater student achievement, the money went to teachers.
In our elementary school PTO about 4-5 years ago, every year the principal petitioned us to use our PTO funds to purchase chromebooks for the school to introduce tech to younger kids. We went along with it, a good thing given how the schools went to remote learning last year.
Personally, I still think we ought to reduce the length of summer break. If we're concerned with student achievement, and we know students don't retain what they've learned when not engaged in thr material over summer
I know some teachers spend out of pocket money for classroom supplies because their district doesn't have the funds for it. I understand some workers in school cafeterias pay off student lunch valances because some families don't make enough to put money on their kids' lunch accounts, but also make too much to qualify for free or reduced lunches (its happened in my school district).
But let's get real here. We're sacrificing the wellbeing of our students, because teachers want to keep their summers, complain about parents not being engaged in their kids' education at home, but then lobby against meaningful change that can impact results.
I'm all for paying teachers well. They deserve a good salary. They have an important task in our society. But damn, get over yourself. You may have a graduate degree, and spend 8 hours a day with 20-35 kids aged 5-18, and then often hear from upset parents because of something their kid said to them about you. But if you really want kids to do well, allow for more teacher aids to provide more meaningful contact and instruction with thr students, and lengthen the school year, while maintaining our current level of mandated contact hours between teacher/student. Families can still take their vacations without worrying about truancy court, and students still learn what they need, while having the support required to succeed.

因为当我们谈到资助教育时，通常是给教师加薪。
老师们抱怨“夏季萧条”，这是一个大问题。我看过我孩子所在学区的数据。但是，这些钱并没有花在尝试引入一种新的学习模式上，也没有花在更新课程以鼓励学生取得更大成就上，而是花在了教师身上。
大概4-5年前，在我们小学教师家长协会，每年校长都请求我们用我们的教师家长协会资金为学校购买谷歌平板，以向更小的孩子介绍技术。我们同意了，考虑到学校去年开始远程学习，这是一件好事。
就我个人而言，我仍然认为我们应该减少暑假的长度。如果我们关心学生的成绩，并且我们知道，如果学生在暑假期间不认真学习，他们就不会记住所学的内容。
我知道一些老师花自己的钱购买教室用品，因为他们的地区没有这笔资金。我知道学校食堂的一些员工支付学生午餐补贴，因为有些家庭的收入不足以支付他们孩子的午餐账户，但又挣得比获得免费或降价午餐的资格线高（我所在的学区就发生过这种情况）。
但让我们现实一点。我们牺牲了学生的幸福，因为老师们想要继续获得他们的暑假，抱怨父母不能参与孩子们在家的教育，然后又游说反对有意义的改变，从而影响结果。
我完全赞成给教师高薪。他们应该得到高薪。他们在我们的社会中有一个重要的任务。但是该死的，别自以为是了。你可能有一个研究生学位，每天花8个小时和20-35个5-18岁的孩子在一起，然后经常听到父母因为他们的孩子对他们说了一些关于你的事情而难过。但是如果你真的想让孩子们做得更好，那就提供更多的教师帮助，为学生提供更有意义的接触和指导，并延长学年，同时保持我们现有的教师和学生之间的强制接触时间。家庭仍然可以休假而不用担心逃学法庭，学生们也仍然可以学到他们需要的东西，同时获得成功所需的支持。

deerprudehenceJustice Clarence Thomas
I don’t care about private schools. By law, they do not receive government funding. Charter schools only receive 60% of state funding. In my charter school, everyone graduated on time and were going to college or a trade school. That’s much better than the local crime ridden public school, where they only allocate majority of the funding to the gifted and talented programs. The other kids are left to fend for themselves. If you want to criticize the U.S. for its military spending, that’s valid. This isn’t the place to do it.

我不关心私立学校。根据法律，他们不接受政府资助。特许学校只获得60%的政府资助。在我的特许学校，每个人都按时毕业，去上大学或职业学校。这比当地犯罪猖獗的公立学校好多了，那里的学校只把大部分资金分配给有天才班。其他的孩子只能自己照顾自己。如果你想批评美国的军费开支，那是有道理的。但不该在这个版块吐槽。
Open_Mind_Pleb
Its being done intentionally. Most of our education is controlled by democrats who are controlled by lobbyists and global interests, predominantly China.
China is currently improving its education and culture by promoting masculinity and other social perks to improve its power and people, while at the same time hurting our social culture and education to rear dumb, feminine, weak people.

教育系统是故意这么做的。我们的大部分教育是由民主党人控制的，而民主党人又被说客和全球利益集团（主要是某东亚大国）控制。
中国目前正在通过提升男子气概和其他社会福利来改善其教育和文化，以提升其实力和人口素质，同时（通过民主党人）伤害我们的社会文化和教育，培养无能、女性化、弱势的人。
john212223
There was huge benefit from what GOP Eisenhower did with slotting federal money and focus to building schools and supporting education. Also built out the huge interstate infrastructure system. Lots of great tax-supported initiatives with the main negative being that he did not fight against and end Jim Crow aspects and the racist redlining of segregated housing sales.
We need someone else to stand up in leadership and invest a ton into our educational system (and maybe de-emphasize sports and entertainment/gaming just a bit).

共和党总统艾森豪威尔将联邦资金投入到建设学校和支持教育上，从中获得了巨大的利益。还修建了庞大的州际基础设施系统。有很多税收支持的倡议，但主要的缺点在于他没有反对和结束种族隔离政策以及种族隔离住房销售。
我们需要其他人站出来，并在我们的教育系统中投入大量资金（或许可以稍微减少对体育和娱乐/游戏的重视）。
HrendoConservative
Yeah no. We're not falling behind because of sports and we already invest more money per student than almost any other country. We need the education system to spend the massive amount of money they receive more wisely and not build the entire system around issues like identity politics.

是的没有。我们并不是因为（过分重视）体育而落后，我们在每个学生身上投入的资金几乎比其他任何国家都多。我们需要教育系统更明智地使用他们收到的大量资金，而不是围绕身份政治等问题来打造整个教育体系。
Familiar-Particular
It’s really unfair to say we spend more per capita since public education is usually tied to property taxes.... if your parents are poor and you live in a poor school district, the cards are stacked against you as a 6yo.
Public education should be an equalizer to allow kids an equal shot at success regardless of how much money your parents have or what neighborhood you live in.

说我们的人均教育支出更多是不公平的，因为公共教育通常与房产税挂钩……如果你的父母很穷，而你又住在一个贫穷的学区，那么作为一个6岁的孩子，你的处境对你不利。
公共教育应该是一个均衡器，让孩子们有平等的机会获得成功，不管你的父母有多少钱，或者你住在哪个社区。
allbusiness512
It's not really identity politics, the real issue is that most of the money gets spent on administration jobs that serve no real purpose. Nepotism is more rampant in education then any other field.
If you really wanted to fix the education system, you'd have to do several things.
1、Merit based pay; right now there's no incentive to work hard as a teacher other then the fact that you're a martyr to your job. Yes there's several different arguments that teacher unxs will try to use, but at the end of the day socialist pay tends not to work out very well when you need results. Dallas ISD has done an excellent job at retaining some of their best teachers once they switched to a merit based pay system
2、Stripping of top down regulations. Standardized testing needs to remain, but it needs to be used in the proper way to guide decision making, and not as a be all end all uation on what the student actually knows.
3、Cut out all the fluff administration jobs that do not need to exist. I can't even tell you how many jobs there are in education that are just straight up wasteful.

这不是真正的身份政治，真正的问题在于大部分的钱都花在了没有真正目的的行政工作上。裙带关系现象在教育领域比其他任何领域都更加猖獗。
如果你真的想修复教育系统，你必须做几件事。
1、基于绩效的薪酬：现在作为一名老师，除了你是一名殉道者这一事实之外，没有任何激励你努力工作的动力。是的，教师工会会尝试使用几种不同的论点，但说到底，“社会主义工资”往往不是很好，当你需要结果的时候。达拉斯教学系统设计在留住一些最好的老师方面做得很好，因为他们转用了绩效工资制度
2、取消自上而下的规则。标准化测试需要保留，但它需要以正确的方式用于指导决策，而不是作为对学生实际了解的（唯一）全部评估。
3、删除所有不必要的管理工作。我甚至无法告诉你在教育领域有多少工作是直接就是在浪费资源。
EevelBobRepublican
Excluding the pandemic, which is a whole separate issue in bureaucracy and red tape, if I had to pick a few issues that I believe are hurting education, I would say teachers unxs, state regulations, standardized curriculums/testing, and weak/agenda driven school board administration.

如果我必须挑几个我认为伤害教育的问题，我会说教师工会、州法规、标准化的课程/测试、薄弱的/议程驱动的校董事会管理。
NosepickerPro
We pay more per kid than any other nation. It's not a factor of money. It's a factor of allocating it appropriately. We teach kids to study for tests then dump the knowledge they crammed.

我们给每个孩子的钱比其他任何国家都多。这不是钱的问题。这是一个合理分配的问题。我们教孩子们为考试而学习，然后考完了又把他们临时死记硬背的知识全部忘光光。
KyleButler77Conservative Libertarian
That’s not unexpected. White and Asian students outperform black and Hispanic kids and it looks pretty bad . So instead of focusing on the kids that are doing poorly to get them to do better liberal jurisdictions instead start to do away with advanced placement classes and eliminate tests as a part of struggle against “white supremacy”.Given that white students now account for less than half of student population our education rankings will continue to slide

这不意外。白人和亚裔学生比黑人和西班牙裔学生成绩更好，而这看起来“很糟糕”。因此，作为反对“白人至上”的斗争的一部分，自由主义司法体系开始废除大学先修课程和取消考试，而不是关注那些表现不佳的孩子，让他们做得更好。考虑到白人学生现在占学生总数的不到一半，所以我们的教育排名将继续下滑
KetoIsRacist
Isnt this the case because our lower end scores are very low dragging the average down? If you remove these cases, arent we near the top?

难道不是因为我们的低端的分数太低了，拖类了平均分吗？如果你消除这些拖后腿的，我们不是就离顶部近了吗？
Faulkner89
except the lower end scores aren't outliers. Before the pandemic there was a report that 60% of eighth graders were reading at 'basic level', which is functional illiterate in a post industrial society.

但较低的分数并不是（少数）异常值。在大流行之前，有报告称，60%的八年级学生的阅读水平是“基础水平”，放在后工业社会中就是功能性文盲。
JonA3531
Clearly due to too much government intervention and regulations.
We need to fully privatize education at all levels.

这显然是由于过多的政府干预和监管造成的。
我们需要把各级教育完全私有化。