中医对人类不可磨灭的贡献

（北京乘伊医学院院长：李乘伊）

The indelible contribution of traditional Chinese medicine to humanbeings

据《中国疫病史鉴》记载，自西汉以来的两千多年里，中国先后发生过321次流行疫病，由于中医的有效预防和治疗，在有限的地域和时间内控制住了疫情的蔓延。中国的历史上从来没有出现过像西班牙大流感、欧洲黑死病、全球鼠疫那样的一次瘟疫就死亡上千万人的悲剧。

According to the history of Chinese epidemics, 321 epidemics haveoccurred in China since the Western Han Dynasty. Due to the effectiveprevention and treatment of traditional Chinese medicine, the spread of theepidemic has been controlled in a limited area and time. In the history ofChina, there has never been a tragedy in which tens of millions of people diedin a plague like the Spanish pandemic, the European black death and the globalplague.

中医为世界带来“种痘预防传染病”的先进理念

Traditional Chinese medicine brings the advanced idea of"vaccination against infectious diseases" to the world

在与传染病的角力中，中医所做的贡献造福全人类，其中尤以天花防治最为突出。天花于公元１世纪传入中国，由于中医很早就有“以毒攻毒”的免疫学思想，到宋代中医研究采用人痘接种法预防天花，将患过天花病人的疱浆挑取出来，阴干后吹到健康人鼻孔中，接种上天花后就不再感染。到明清，已有以种痘为业的专职痘医和几十种痘科专著。清代政府还设立“种痘局”，专门给百姓普及种痘，可称是全球最早的官方免疫机构。

In the struggle with infectious diseases, the contribution oftraditional Chinese medicine to the benefit of all mankind, especially smallpoxprevention and control. Smallpox was introduced into China in the first centuryA.D. because of the immunologic thought of "attacking poison withpoison" in traditional Chinese medicine for a long time, in the study oftraditional Chinese medicine in the Song Dynasty, smallpox vaccination was usedto prevent smallpox, and the blister slurry of patients with smallpox waspicked out, dried in the shade and blown into the nostrils of healthy people.After smallpox vaccination, they will no longer be infected. By the Ming andQing Dynasties, there were dozens of Monographs on vaccinia and professionalvaccinia doctors. In the Qing Dynasty, the government also set up the"vaccination bureau" to popularize vaccination for the common people,which can be called the earliest official immunization agency in the world.

中医人痘术后来流传到俄罗斯、朝鲜、日本等国，又经俄罗斯传到土耳其及欧洲、非洲国家。人痘之法从俄国传到奥斯曼帝国后经过了改良。中医人痘的做法是塞鼻，奥斯曼人则是用一根长针把上臂的皮肤划破，接种一个针尖那么多的天花种子，然后把伤口封好。人痘术传入英国之后，启发了西医的医学家琴纳于1796年发明牛痘接种术，后又传回中国和世界各地。人类免疫史上的这一成功，包含了中医所贡献的智慧。

Traditional Chinese medicine has spread to Russia, Korea, Japan andother countries, and then to Turkey, Europe and Africa through Russia. Themethod of human pox was improved after it was transferred from Russia to theOttoman Empire. Traditional Chinese medicine's way of doing acne is to plug thenose. Ottomans use a long needle to cut the upper arm's skin, inoculatesmallpox seeds with the tip of a needle, and then seal the wound. After theintroduction of human pox technique into Britain, Qin Na, a doctor of Westernmedicine, was inspired to invent vaccination technique of cowpox in 1796, andthen it was transmitted back to China and all over the world. This success inthe history of human immunity contains the wisdom contributed by traditionalChinese medicine.

天花曾经是人类历史上最厉害的烈性传染病之一，全球有20亿人死于天花。在没有疫苗的年代，儿童死于天花的可能性为三分之一，也就是说每三个孩子里面就会有一个在成年之前死于天花，不死于天花者也因为天花病毒的感染而留下后遗症，最明显的是一脸的麻子，天花让全人类变得很丑陋。

Smallpox used to be one of the most severe infectious diseases inhuman history. Two billion people died of smallpox in the world. In the era ofno vaccine, children are one third likely to die of smallpox, that is to say,one in every three children will die of smallpox before they reach adulthood.Those who do not die of smallpox also suffer from the infection of smallpoxvirus. The most obvious is the pockmarked face. Smallpox makes the whole humanbeing ugly.

中医抵御了中国历史上321次大型瘟疫

TCM has resisted 321 large-scale pestilence in Chinese history

据中国中医研究院最新编辑出版的《中国疫病史鉴》，从西汉到清末，中国至少发生过321次大型瘟疫。中医药与各种瘟疫展开了一次又一次的生死对决，在有限的地域和时间内控制住了疫情的蔓延。中国的历史上从来没有出现过西班牙大流感、欧洲黑死病、全球鼠疫那样一次瘟疫就造成数千万人死亡的悲剧。

According to the latest edition of the history of China's epidemicpublished by the Chinese Academy of traditional Chinese medicine, from theWestern Han Dynasty to the end of the Qing Dynasty, China had at least 321large-scale epidemics. Traditional Chinese medicine and various pestilenceshave launched a battle of life and death again and again, controlling thespread of the epidemic in a limited area and time. In the history of China,there has never been a tragedy in which the Spanish pandemic, the Europeanblack death and the global plague caused tens of millions of deaths.

“中国古人非常重视传染病。”《中国疫病史鉴》主笔、中医研究院中国医史文献研究所负责人梁峻对记者说。据介绍，两千多年前的医著《黄帝内经》中就有预防传染病的记载；从汉代起，医书里都把传染病作为重点项目加以关注；晋朝葛洪的《肘后方》记载了“虏疮”（天花）、“狂犬咬”（狂犬病）等；其后的医书对疟疾、麻疹、白喉、水痘、霍乱、痢疾、肺结核等急性传染病及其辨证治疗办法都有明确记载。

"The ancient Chinese attached great importance to infectiousdiseases." Liang Jun, the lead author of the history of Chinese epidemicsand director of the Institute of Chinese medical history and literature of theChinese Academy of traditional Chinese medicine, told reporters. According tothe introduction, the medical work "Huangdi Neijing" more than 2000years ago recorded the prevention of infectious diseases; since the HanDynasty, the medical books have paid attention to infectious diseases as a keyproject; Gehong's "behind the elbow" in the Jin dynasty recorded"Xenopus" (smallpox), "rabies bite" (rabies), etc.; latermedical books on malaria, measles, diphtheria, varicella, cholera, dysentery,tuberculosis, etc Acute infectious diseases and their treatment based onsyndrome differentiation are clearly recorded.

除了以药物治疗传染病，古代中医还总结出隔离检疫、消毒、保持良好的环境和个人卫生、“未病先防”等经验，应对疫病的蔓延。

In addition to the treatment of infectious diseases with drugs,ancient Chinese medicine also summed up the experience of isolation andquarantine, disinfection, maintaining a good environment and personal hygiene,"prevention before disease" and so on to cope with the spread of theepidemic.

西汉史料载：“民疾疫者，空舍邸第，为置医药。”这意味着当时政府为控制流行病而建立了公立的临时医院，说明中国早在公元２年就对传染病采取了隔离措施。

According to the historical materials of the Western Han Dynasty,"those who suffered from diseases were those who lived in an empty houseand lived in the first place, where medicine was placed." This means thatthe government set up a temporary public hospital to control the epidemic atthat time, indicating that China had taken isolation measures for infectiousdiseases as early as 2 ad.

正因为中医有效抵御了321次大型瘟疫的蔓延，所以大多数中国人对瘟疫的恐怖认识不深，瘟疫在人类历史上曾是最恐怖的大魔王，历史上西班牙大流感、欧洲黑死病、全球鼠疫，几乎每一次瘟疫，都造成数千万人死亡的悲剧。下面让我们看看欧洲几次大瘟疫令人恐怖的惨状。

Because traditional Chinese medicine has effectively resisted thespread of 321 large-scale pestilences, most Chinese people do not have a deepunderstanding of the horror of pestilence. Pestilence used to be the mostterrible demon king in human history. In history, the Spanish pandemic, theEuropean black death, the global plague, almost every plague, caused thetragedy of tens of millions of deaths. Let's take a look at the horrifyingtragedies of several great plagues in Europe.

欧洲七次大瘟疫，几乎每次瘟疫死亡数千万人

Seven major plagues in Europe, nearly tens of millions of peopledied each time

奠定了欧洲文明基础的古希腊居然是毁于一场闻所未闻的大瘟疫；公元前430年，雅典发生大瘟疫，近1/2人口死亡，整个雅典几乎被摧毁。令人难以置信的是，人类在战争之外居然还有另外一场更恐怖的大魔王：瘟疫。

The ancient Greece, which laid the foundation of Europeancivilization, was destroyed by a great plague that had never been heard before.In 430 B.C., a great plague occurred in Athens, nearly 1 / 2 of the populationdied, and the whole Athens was almost destroyed. It's unbelievable that thereis another more terrible demon besides the war: plague.

罗马帝国的命运居然也是由大瘟疫而改变，古罗马的天花和麻疹瘟疫造成总人口的三分之一死亡。四处征战的罗马士兵给罗马带来了天花和麻疹。传染病夺走了两位罗马帝王的生命。据罗马史学家迪奥卡称，当时罗马一天就有2千人因染病而死。前后估计总死亡人数高达5百万，大大削弱了罗马帝国的实力。

The fate of the Roman Empire was also changed by the great plague.Smallpox and measles plague in ancient Rome caused one third of the totalpopulation to die. The Roman soldiers who fought everywhere brought smallpoxand measles to Rome. Infectious diseases took the lives of two Roman emperors.According to dioca, a Roman historian, 2000 people died a day of illness in Rome.It was estimated that the total death toll was 5 million, which greatlyweakened the strength of the Roman Empire.

欧洲在公元14世纪发生黑死病，造成约2500万人死亡，成为欧洲历史的转折点。据说那场瘟疫过后，欧洲萧条了上百年。

The black death occurred in Europe in the 14th century A.D., causingabout 25 million deaths, which became a turning point in European history. Itis said that Europe has been in depression for hundreds of years after theplague.

黑死病是人类历史上是最致命的瘟疫之一。1348年整个欧洲，每天有成百上千人死去，欧洲人悲叹世界末日真的降临了。黑死病没有放过欧洲的任何一个角落，甚至将其魔爪伸向了欧洲的近邻——中东和北非地区。到1348年，它又兵分三路，扫荡了西班牙、希腊、意大利、法国、叙利亚、埃及和巴勒斯坦等地区。

The black death is one of the most deadly plagues in human history.In 1348, hundreds of people died in Europe every day. Europeans lamented thatthe end of the world really came. The black death has not let go of any cornerof Europe, and even extended its claws to Europe's close neighbors - the MiddleEast and North Africa. By 1348, it was divided into three parts, sweepingSpain, Greece, Italy, France, Syria, Egypt and Palestine.

黑死病进入英国后，有的庄园里的佃农全部死光。而城市里因人口稠密情况更加恶劣。到5月份，伦敦原有的5万居民只剩下了3万，直到16世纪才恢复原先的数目；著名的牛津大学，三分之二的学生都死掉了！当1351年疫情得到控制之时，英伦三岛和爱尔兰已经损失了它们总人口的40%左右，这远远高于它们在英法百年战争中的总损失。

After the black death came into England, all the tenants in somemanors died. And the density of population in the city is even worse. By may,only 30000 of London's original 50000 residents were left, and it was not untilthe 16th century that the original number was restored; at Oxford University,two-thirds of the students died! By the time the outbreak was brought undercontrol in 1351, the British Isles and Ireland had lost about 40% of theirtotal population, far more than their total loss in the hundred year warbetween Britain and France.

黑死病造成全世界死亡人数高达7500万，其中欧洲的死亡人数为2500万到5000万。3年里，黑死病蹂躏整个欧洲大陆，再传播到俄罗斯，导致俄罗斯近一半的人口死亡。

The black death toll is 75 million worldwide, of which 25 to 50million are in Europe. In three years, the Black Death ravaged the wholeEuropean continent and spread to Russia, causing nearly half of the Russianpopulation to die.

1520年，墨西哥因西班牙人进入发生天花病，造成300余万人死亡，在此后的50年内墨西哥因为天花又丧失了近2000万人。

In 1520, more than 3 million people died of smallpox in Mexicobecause of the entry of Spaniards. In the next 50 years, nearly 20 millionpeople were lost due to smallpox in Mexico.

1914—1924年，俄国因饥荒和流行性感冒，死亡2000万人。西班牙型流行性感冒是人类历史上最致命的传染病，在1919年曾经造成全世界3000万人死亡。

From 1914 to 1924, 20 million people died in Russia due to famineand influenza. Spanish influenza is the most deadly infectious disease in humanhistory, which killed 30 million people in 1919.

中医人痘为世界带来种痘免疫学，挽救了20亿人的生命

Traditional Chinese medicine human pox brings vaccinia immunology tothe world, saving 2 billion lives

西医在十九世纪基本上还是很土鳖很黑暗的，十九世纪欧洲的医生治疗病人时：会给患者放血，声称放血可治百病。用松节油灌肠，让病人喝白兰地。开水泼肚皮：将滚烫的开水泼在病人的胃部。鸟屎擦头，声称可治疗头痛和脱发。用人屎擦涂伤口，声称可以愈合的更好。落后的西医对普通疾病基本上属于瞎胡搞，面对瘟疫更是束手无策。所以几乎每次大瘟疫都死亡上千万人。

In nineteenth Century, western medicine was basically very dark inwoodlouse. In nineteenth Century, when doctors in Europe treated patients, theybleed blood, claiming that bloodletting could cure all diseases. Enema withturpentine and let the patient drink brandy. Pour boiling water on the stomach:pour boiling water on the stomach of the patient. Bird excrement wipes thehead, claiming to cure headaches and hair loss. Rub the wound with humanexcrement, claiming to heal better. The backward western medicine is basicallyblind to common diseases, and is helpless in the face of plague. So almostevery major plague kills tens of millions of people.

中医的人痘术传入英国后，启发了西医的医学家琴纳于1796年发明牛痘接种术，此后100多年西医的免疫医学获得飞速发展，让欧洲各国逐渐控制了瘟疫的肆虐和蔓延，走出了瘟疫肆虐的黑暗时代，为欧洲进入现代文化和经济发展打下了坚实的基础。

After the introduction of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)varicella vaccination into Britain, Qin Na, a medical expert of Westernmedicine, was inspired to invent vaccinia in 1796. Since then, western medicine'simmunology has developed rapidly for more than 100 years, which has graduallycontrolled the spread of the plague in European countries, walked out of thedark era of plague, and laid a solid foundation for Europe to enter the modernculture and economic development.

如果没有中医提前数百年发现防治传染病的人痘医学，让人类一步一步战胜了瘟疫。我们可以想象一下，如果中医人痘免疫学晚发现200年：中国和亚洲每次大瘟疫死亡30%—40%人口，欧洲每次大瘟疫死亡40%的人口，几次大瘟疫之后，全球一共会多死多少人口？人类或将推迟数百年才能进入现代文明社会。

Without the discovery of pox medicine for the prevention andtreatment of infectious diseases hundreds of years in advance, human beingswould have defeated the plague step by step. We can imagine that if Chinesemedicine human pox immunology was discovered 200 years later: 30% - 40% of thepopulation died of each major plague in China and Asia, 40% of the populationdied of each major plague in Europe. After several major plagues, how many morepeople would die in the world? Human beings may be put off for hundreds ofyears before they enter the modern civilized society.

以下且就近百年来中医治疗传染病的医案，试举数例，以见中医的神奇。

Here are a few cases of infectious diseases treated by traditionalChinese medicine in the past hundred years to see the magic of traditionalChinese medicine.

1956年丙申年

1956, the year of application

石家庄爆发了流行乙型脑炎，西医控制不住，疫情越来越重。不得已周恩来请名中医蒲辅周把脉开方。蒲老结合运气学说，根据石家庄久晴无雨（属暑温）的气候情况，清热解毒养阴，以白虎汤，大见奇效，治愈率高达90%以上，疗效远超世界水平，拯救了上万人的生命。

The epidemic of encephalitis B broke out in Shijiazhuang. Westernmedicine could not control it, and the epidemic became more and more serious.Zhou Enlai has to ask Pu Fuzhou, a famous Chinese medicine, to prescribe thepulse. According to the theory of luck, according to the climate ofShijiazhuang, which is sunny and warm in the summer, it can clear away heat,detoxify and nourish yin. With Baihu Decoction, it has great miraculous effect.The cure rate is over 90%. The curative effect is far beyond the world level,saving tens of thousands of lives.

1957年丁酉年

Year of Ding you, 1957

北京也开始流行乙型脑炎。西医还是不行，还是求诸中医。还是蒲老出手，从当地的气象和当年的五运六气出发，考虑到北京多年阴雨连绵，湿热交蒸，属湿温（不同于暑温）。改用白虎加苍术汤、杏仁滑石汤、三仁汤等中药方剂化裁，以芳香化湿和通阳利湿的中医思路进行治疗，使疫情很快得到控制。

Japanese encephalitis has also become popular in Beijing. Westernmedicine or not, or to seek Zhu traditional Chinese medicine. From the localweather and the five transportations and six Qi of that year, considering thecontinuous rain and wet heat in Beijing for many years, it is a wet temperature(different from the summer temperature). The traditional Chinese medicineprescriptions such as Baihu plus Atractylodes decoction, Almond TalcumDecoction and Sanren Decoction were used to treat the disease with thetraditional Chinese medicine ideas of aromatization and clearing Yang andpromoting dampness.

1958年戊戌年

1898, 1958

广州流行乙型脑炎，国医大师邓铁涛针对暑热伏湿之证，同样用中药对证施治，疗效亦达90%，大大降低了死亡率，同样挽救了上万人的生命，且完全无后遗症。

Japanese encephalitis is prevalent in Guangzhou. Deng Tietao, amaster of Chinese medicine, also uses traditional Chinese medicine to treat thesyndrome of summer heat and dampness. The curative effect is 90%, which greatlyreduces the mortality rate, saves the lives of tens of thousands of people, andhas no sequelae.

2003年癸未年

Guiwei year, 2003

非典爆发。北京用的是西医，但死亡率非常高，人心惶惶。而广州在邓铁涛老中医的指导下，用中医来治疗非典，死亡率即降成零。北京最后不得已，使用超大剂量激素才勉强治愈了患者。但患者康复后导致股骨头坏死，后患甚大。

SARS broke out. Western medicine is used in Beijing, but themortality rate is very high, people are worried. Under the guidance of DengTietao, Guangzhou used traditional Chinese medicine to treat SARS, and thedeath rate was reduced to zero. Finally, Beijing had to use a large dose ofhormone to cure patients. However, the patient's recovery led to necrosis ofthe femoral head, which was very serious.

明朝中医吴又可古方治愈现代非典病毒

Wu Youke ancient prescription of traditional Chinese medicine inMing Dynasty cured modern SARS virus

明朝末年的中医名家吴又可在创作《瘟疫论》时肯定没有想到：360年后，他为防治传染病所开的一剂药方又被现代人用来应对一种全新的非典病毒。

Wu Youke, a famous Chinese medicine expert at the end of MingDynasty, certainly didn't think when he wrote the treatise on plague: 360 yearslater, his prescription for prevention and treatment of infectious diseases wasused by modern people to deal with a new SARS virus.

新加坡中医学院附属医院的陈鸿能博士给中国中医研究院的李经纬教授打来电话，推荐用“达原饮”预防非典“效果很好。”“达原饮”正是明朝名医吴又可的那剂药方。当时非典型肺炎正在北京等中国20多个省市以及全球20多个国家和地区肆虐。非典疫情爆发后，中国的中医药专家就提供了多个预防药方，药店的煎药机24小时运转，中药企业成为非典时期不衰反荣的行业之一，拯救了万千患者。

Dr. Chen Hongneng from the Affiliated Hospital of Singapore Collegeof traditional Chinese medicine called Professor Li Jingwei from the ChineseAcademy of traditional Chinese medicine and recommended the use of "Dayuandrink" to prevent SARS "Da Yuan Yin" is the prescription of WuYouke, a famous doctor of Ming Dynasty. At that time, SARS was raging in morethan 20 provinces and cities in China, including Beijing, and more than 20countries and regions around the world. After the outbreak of SARS, Chineseexperts in traditional Chinese medicine have provided a number of preventiveprescriptions. The decoction machines of drugstores operate 24 hours a day.Chinese medicine enterprises have become one of the industries that have beenenduring anti prosperity during the period of SARS, saving thousands ofpatients.

屠呦呦：中医为世界带来青蒿素

Tu youyou: Chinese medicine brings artemisinin to the world

屠呦呦从中国传统医学中寻找灵感。在东晋名医葛洪的《肘后急备方》中“青蒿一握，以水二升渍，绞取汁，尽服之”的启发下找到了灵感，发现了青蒿素。在当下中国疟疾早已不再是常见疾病，2013年全国疟疾发病者只有3896人，这可能让人们并不知道青蒿素到底是多伟大的发现。但在蚊虫肆虐的东南亚、非洲以及南美，疟疾仍然威胁着数亿人的人类的身体健康乃至生命安全。青蒿素的发现已经挽救了数以百万计的生命。

Tu youyou looks for inspiration from traditional Chinese medicine.Inspired by Ge Hong, a famous doctor in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, who wrote"the prescription for emergency preparation at the back of theelbow", he found the inspiration and found artemisinin. At present,malaria is no longer a common disease in China. In 2013, there were only 3896malaria patients in China, which may make people not know how great artemisininis. But in mosquito infested Southeast Asia, Africa and South America, malariastill threatens the health and even life safety of hundreds of millions ofpeople. The discovery of artemisinin has saved millions of lives.

欧洲人向清朝重金买下中医防治天花的人痘，如获至宝，传入欧洲100年后，欧洲逐渐摆脱瘟疫的黑暗时代，从此走向繁荣富强。

Europeans paid a lot of money to buy smallpox prevention andtreatment of traditional Chinese medicine in the Qing Dynasty. After it wasintroduced into Europe 100 years ago, Europe gradually got rid of the dark eraof plague and became prosperous.

没有中医的人痘，英国人琴纳很可能不会发明牛痘，但并不表明牛痘不会出现，或许要推迟数百年才会发现。人类要感谢中医的人痘和英国人琴纳，这项中医原创免疫技术挽救了数十亿人的生命。

Without traditional Chinese medicine, Chinna is unlikely to inventcowpox, but that doesn't mean it won't happen. It may take hundreds of years todiscover it. Thanks to traditional Chinese medicine's human pox and BritishQinna, the original immune technology of traditional Chinese medicine has savedbillions of lives.

世界传统文化研究院执行院长、世界中草药研究学会主席李乘伊博士接受采访