新加坡网友问：为什么许多越南人相信越南历史要比中国悠久得多？

数千年来，越南等儒家文化圈内的国家一直深受中华文明的影响，但近年越南国内正掀起一股“去中国化”的浪潮，他们认为越南文明是独立发展起来的，来自新加坡的网友在海外问答网站Quora上提问道：为什么许多越南人相信越南历史要比中国悠久得多？这引起各国网友的围观和热议。

问题：为什么许多越南人相信越南历史要比中国长得多？

新加坡网友Patrick Koh的回答

Hahaha, this question is so interesting. You should be careful when answering this question, because it is easy to be reported by Vietnamese media and regarded as a water army attacking Vietnamese culture.

哈哈哈哈，这个问题太有趣了，大家在回答这个问题时应该小心一点，因为很容易被越南媒体报道引用，当作攻击越南文化的水军。

1. Vietnamese people say that they have tens of thousands of years of human activities and civilization dating back to thousands of years BC. They have gone through many dynasties. Even Vietnam's territory includes China south of the Yangtze River.

1.越南人说他们有数万年人类活动的历史，还有追溯到公元前几千年的文明，历经多个王朝，甚至越南的国土包括长江以南的中国。

That's strange. Why doesn't such a powerful civilization have its own words?

那就很奇怪了，为什么如此强大的文明没有自己的文字？

Since 3 BC, Vietnam has always used Chinese characters for recording and communication in official archives. When you visit Vietnam, you can still see inscriptions written in Chinese characters on a large number of Vietnamese monuments.

自公元前3年以来，越南在官方档案文件中始终使用汉字进行记录和交流，当你访问越南时，仍然可以在大量越南纪念碑上看到用汉字书写的碑文。

The standard to measure a civilization is whether it has written records in its own language. Does Vietnam have it?

衡量一个文明的标准是是否拥有用本国文字写就的书面记录，越南有吗？

It's like the North Koreans found a hill in Pyongyang, dug a hole, said it was the tomb of an emperor 5000 years ago, and then dug out a person's fingernails in it. The carbon measurement has a history of 3000 years, and explained that the fingernails were left by the grave robbers. What kind of grave robbers would cut their fingernails when stealing the tomb?

这就像朝鲜人在平壤发现一座小山，挖了一个洞，说这是5000年前一个皇帝的陵墓，然后又在里边挖出了一个人的指甲，碳素测定有三千年历史，并解释说指甲是摸金校尉留下的，什么样的盗墓者会在盗墓时剪指甲？

Vietnam itself also recognizes the historical facts as a part of China in history. From the Han Dynasty in BC to the Song Dynasty a thousand years ago, northern Vietnam has been ruled by the Chinese dynasty for thousands of years, belonging to China's administrative divisions. It began to become independent as a vassal state after the Song Dynasty.

越南本身也承认历史上作为中国一部分的史实，越南北部从公元前的汉朝到一千年前的宋朝，历经千年，都由中国王朝进行统治，属于中国的行政区划，在宋朝后才开始独立作为一个藩属国。

For nearly 2000 years from the era of AD, the official use of Vietnamese characters was orthodox, while the folk characters evolved from Chinese characters.

从公元时代开始，近两千年的时间里，越南官方使用的是正统汉字，民间汉字则是由汉字演变而来的。

2. In order to explain the dilemma of the lack of Vietnamese characters, a Vietnamese historian later proposed that the Chinese characters were invented by the Vietnamese and then taken over by the Han people to China.

2.为了解释越南文字缺乏的窘境，一位越南历史学家竟然随后提出，汉字是越南人发明的，然后被汉族人收归中国所有。

I seem to remember that Koreans also said that Chinese characters were invented by Koreans, so the question is whether Chinese characters were invented by Koreans or Vietnamese. This is another dispute. Vietnamese need to argue with Koreans about ownership first.

我似乎记得韩国人也说过汉字是韩国人发明的，所以问题是汉字是韩国人还是越南人发明的，这算是另一个争议，越南人需要和韩国人先争论一下归属权。

Vietnamese said they controlled China south of the Yangtze River in ancient times. Koreans said their ancient territory included the north of the Yangtze River. Where did the Chinese thrive? Have they disappeared from the earth?

越南人说他们在古代控制了长江以南的中国，韩国人说他们的古代领土包括长江以北，那中国人在哪里繁衍生息？他们从地球上消失了吗？

3. Vietnamese biologists are also actively proving that Vietnamese have nothing to do with China. In 2019, a study by a Vietnamese private organization concluded that Vietnamese and Thais are related by blood and are indigenous peoples in Southeast Asia.

3.越南生物学家也在积极证明越南人与中国无关，2019年，一家越南私人机构的一项研究得出结论，越南人和泰国人是有血缘联系的，都是东南亚的土著民族。

However, the Thais themselves admit that their ancestors came from the Yunnan Guizhou Plateau in Yunnan Province of China, where there are still ethnic groups with the same origin as the Thais, known as the "Dai nationality".

然而，泰国人自己都承认，他们的祖先来自中国云南省的云贵高原，那里至今仍然有和泰国人同出一脉的民族，被称为“傣族”。

Are Vietnamese scientists trying to tell us that there is biological evidence that Vietnamese come from Yunnan Province of China?

越南科学家是否试图告诉我们，有生物学证据表明越南人来自中国的云南省？

4. In addition to the so-called archaeological excavation, archaeologists found human fossils tens of thousands of years ago in Vietnam. Then in Yunnan, not far from Vietnam, they found the fossils of Yuanmou people 1.7 million years ago. The Javanese on Java island in Indonesia can be traced back to about 1.8 million years ago.

4.再说说所谓的考古发掘，考古学家在越南发现了数万年前的人类化石，那么在离越南不远的云南，早就发现了170万年前的元谋人的化石，印尼爪哇岛上的爪哇人可以追溯到大约180万年前。

Based on the existing technical measurement errors and other reasons, it may be difficult to determine the true sequence of the above ancient humans, but these ancient humans can be traced back to about 1.7 million years or 1.8 million years ago.

基于现有的技术测量误差等原因，可能很难确定上述远古人类的真实序列，但这些远古人类可以追溯到大约170万年或180万年前是可以确定的。

However, it is certain that all these discoveries are much older than the remains found in Vietnam.

然而，可以肯定的是，所有这些发现都比在越南发现的遗骸要古老得多。

So, have Vietnamese archaeologists figured out which species of people to recognize as their ancestors?

那么，越南考古学家有没有想清楚把哪一个人种认作祖先呢？

When studying the history of human development, we must respect science and historical records, not today's people, who create history and tamper with it at will according to their so-called personal feelings.

在研究人类发展史时，我们必须尊重科学和历史记录，而不是今天的人们，他们根据自己所谓的个人情感，随意创造历史并加以篡改。

马来西亚网友Lucia Millar 的回答

Vietnamese people create history because they take it for granted that China is famous for its long history and agricultural culture, and Vietnam is very similar to China to some extent. Therefore, Vietnamese nationalists think they can emulate China's way of gaining world attention, and claim that Vietnam has a longer history than China.

越南人之所以创造历史，是因为他们想当然地认为中国以其悠久的历史和农业文化而闻名，越南在某种程度上和中国相似度极高，故而，越南民族主义者认为他们可以效仿中国这种获得世界关注的方式，并据此声称越南历史比中国更加悠久。

I want to tell the Vietnamese that Chinese civilization is the youngest of the four ancient civilizations. Chinese civilization is not even as old as Indian civilization. Similarly, the United States is only 200 years old, but it is the most famous country in the history of the earth.

我想告诉越南人，中华文明是四大古代文明中最年轻的一个，中国文明甚至不如印度文明古老。同样的道理，美国只有200年的历史，但它是地球历史上最著名的国家。

More than 100 years ago, in the collision between agricultural civilization and industrial civilization, China fell behind in the trend of world development. Today, more than 100 years later, China has the largest number of stem students trained every year in the world. Thanks to the huge talent reserve, China has developed rapidly. Obviously, advanced productivity is the key to China's influence.

100多年前，在农业文明和工业文明的碰撞中，中国在世界发展的潮流中掉队了。100多年后的今天，中国每年培训的STEM学生数量是世界上最多的，得益于巨大的人才储备，中国发展迅速，显然，先进的生产力是中国影响力的关键。

On the Internet, many fanatical Vietnamese nationalists claim that the south of the Yangtze River used to be Vietnam's territory. They are sure to take back this land. Some of them even say that they want to fight China most in their life.

在网络上，许多狂热的越南民族主义者声称，长江以南曾经是越南的领土，他们肯定会夺回这片土地，其中一些人甚至口出狂言，他们一生中最想与中国作战。

Even if Vietnam is a small country, this idea should not be ignored, which reminds me of Japan in World War II. Because it has been suppressed by China for thousands of years, the temptation of "replacing China" to Japanese nationalists is so strong that once its nationalist mood gets out of control, it will bring extremely terrible disaster.

即使越南是一个小国，这个想法也不应该被忽视，这使我想到二战中的日本，由于被中国压制了数千年，“取代中国”对日本民族主义者的诱惑如此强烈，一旦其民族主义情绪失控，将带来极其可怕的灾难。

Perhaps in the eyes of Vietnamese nationalists, the scene of killing and ravaging Chinese people has been simulated countless times in their minds. Therefore, the Chinese people should pay attention to the ideological trend of Vietnamese nationalists, actively pay taxes to the Chinese government and build more warships to dispel Vietnam's idea of provoking China.

也许在越南民族主义者的心目中，屠戮和蹂躏中国人的场景已经在脑海中模拟了无数遍，因此，中国人应该重视越南民族主义者的思想动向，积极向中国政府纳税，建造更多军舰，以打消越南挑衅中国的念头。

越南历史专家洪太宗的回答

Each country has its own historical legends and records based on facts or legends, which will undoubtedly be controversial if someone tries to compare which country has a longer history than others. However, Vietnam's national identity existed or appeared before the formation of Chinese national identity.

每个国家都有自己基于事实或传奇故事的历史传说和记录，如果有人试图比较哪个国家的历史比其他国家更长，这毫无疑问将引发争议。然而，越南的民族认同在中国民族认同形成之前就已经存在或出现了。

The Han Empire, the central kingdom that established and ruled China, was founded in 206 B.C. and collapsed in 220 A.D. this Dynasty gave the name of the Han nationality, the main ethnic group in China.

建立并统治中国的中央王国汉帝国成立于公元前206年，覆灭于公元220年，这个王朝给予了中国主体民族—汉族的名称。

However, the word "Vietnam" existed for a long time before the establishment of the Han nationality. Judging from the history of Vietnam, the Jin Yue nationality directly originated from the lac Yue tribe and the Ao Yue tribe. Today, a large number of descendants of the Bach Yue tribe live in southern China and northern Vietnam.

然而，“越南”一词在汉族建立之前已经存在了很久。从越南的历史来看，金越民族直接起源于拉克-越部落和凹-越部落—，今天大量巴赫-越部落的后代生活在中国南部和越南北部。

They are the founders of Dongsen culture in the bronze age. The cultural relics have been found in Vietnam and southern China for thousands of years from 1000 BC to the first century AD.

他们是青铜时代东森文化的创建者，该文化遗迹从公元前1000年到公元一世纪，历经千年，在越南和中国南方发现了许多制造于这一期间的文物。

When comparing the Chinese civilization with the Vietnamese civilization, anyone will mention the Yellow Emperor, or Xuanyuan, the ancestor of the Chinese civilization. The Yellow Emperor was not born when Kim deong vieng of Vietnam (3000-2900 BC) was born, while the king of Jingyang of Vietnam, or "King D ơ NG) led all regions south of the Yangtze River at that time.

当比较华夏文明和越南文明时，任何人都会提及华夏文明始祖黄帝，或称为軒轅， 越南的金·德昂·维昂（公元前3000年至2900年）出生时黄帝还没有出生，而越南的涇陽王，或称“​金德荣国王（Kinh Dơng）在当时领导着长江以南的所有地区。

Many Vietnamese scholars and researchers can prove that Vietnam's yin-yang theory comes from the south of the Yangtze River. For example, Lao Tzu once preached by riding a buffalo. At that time, buffalo could only be found in Vietnam.

许多越南学者和研究人员都能证明越南的阴阳学说来自江南，例如老子曾经骑水牛讲学布道，那时候水牛只有在越南才能找到。

This is why the culture of southern China is similar to that of Vietnam.

这就是中国南部地区的文化与越南相似的原因。

I hope young Chinese people can respect all kinds of cultures from neighboring countries, and I hope this answer can help and change some of their inherent concepts.

希望年轻的中国人可以尊重来自周边国家的各色文化，也希望这个答案能帮助并改变他们的一些固有观念。