托福写作常用的30个高频短语

相信很多考生在写作中都会遇到同样的问题，那就是无法用英语地道的表达出自己的意思。而根本原因在于写作素材的积累不足。本文准备了教育类、工作类、环境类的30条托福写作高频题材的短语，只要考生们可以按照句型记忆，灵活运用这些短语，积累相应的素材，最后一定能够走上托福写作高分之路，最后得到理想的分数！

工作类短语

工作类话题主要是针对员工和管理者之间发生的诸多问题而引出的。考生们可以根据两类人入手，即员工和管理者，就员工关注的事情来说有：竞争的收入、完善的福利制度、潜在的发展前景、身心健康和同事之间的关系；就管理者关注的事情来说有：增加利润 / 降低成本、产品研发、员工忠诚、市场宣传、客户满意度和企业文化。考生们可以审题确定类别之后对自己掌握的短语进行定位，以点带面。

1. pursue maximum profit 追求最大限度利润

How, as a bank, do we pursue maximum profit?

那么，我们的银行怎么设法赚取最大限度的利润呢?

2. operating costs 运营成本

Operating costs jumped from £85.3 million to £95 million.

运营成本从 8530 万英镑激增至 9500 万英镑。

3. feel a sense of accomplishment/

pride/superiority/honor/inferiority 有成就感

Whenever I think of the arduousness in my early days and the long road to success, I will feel a sense of accomplishment.

每当我想到早年的艰辛和漫漫成功之路时，就会有种成就感。

4. routine work 日常的惯例工作

Routine work often makes one feel bored, but if you take a trip or a long journey on your holidays to some scenic spots or historic sites, that will make great difference.

日常工作往往使人感到无聊，但如果你在假期进行一次短途或长途的旅行，去看一些风景名胜区或历史古迹，这将会使你的生活发生很大改变。

5. brain drain 人才流失

If the employer can meet the need of their staffs, the brain drain will not be a problem.

如果雇主能够满足员工的需要，人才流失将不会是一个问题。

6. excessive workload过重的工作负担

About 200,000 teachers reported stress due to excessive workload over the last two years, research revealed.

研究显示，近 200,000 名教师由于过去两年工作负担过重而受到压力。

7. work under enormous stress工作压力很大

Right now he is working under enormous stress.

现在他正处于巨大的工作压力下。

8. work ethic敬业精神

We have been very impressed by his intelligence, integrity, creativity and work ethic.

他的智慧、正直、创造力和敬业精神令我们印象十分深刻。

9. sedentary lifestyle 缺少运动的生活方式

Obesity and a sedentary lifestyle has been linked with an increased risk of heart disease.

肥胖和久坐不动的生活方式被认为会增加患心脏病的几率。

10. be entitled to sth. 享有某种权利

Nobody is entitled to borrow the book indefinitely.

没有人可以无限期地借阅这本书。

教育类短语

托福独立写作话题学校教育类中有这样几个突出的题目类型：选课类、学校花费的问题、教师的问题、教育和国家的发展。当考生审题之后，确定题目为教育类别之后，就可以回想自己背诵的短语了，然后将短语造句，句子连成段，最后形成一篇高分作文。

1. motivate sb. to do sth 鼓励 / 刺激某人做某事

Some people argue that examinations do not motivate students to read extensively.

一些人认为考试并没有刺激到学生去广泛地阅读。

2. put theory into practice 把理论运用到实践中

One good way to learn is to put theory into practice.

把理论付诸实践是一种学习的好方法。

3. impart knowledge 传授知识

The teachers' responsibility is to impart knowledge.

教师的责任就是传授知识。

4. kindle one's interest with sth 用某事唤起 / 激起某人的兴趣

The speaker tried to kindle the crowd's interest with a lively speech.

演讲者试图以生动活泼的讲话来激起听众的兴趣。

5. extracurricular activities 课外活动

In addition to my studies, I got involved in lots of extracurricular activities.

除了学习以外，我参加许多课外活动。

6. burn the midnight oil 学习或工作到深夜

Some of the students often burn the midnight oil before exams.

一些学生常在考试前开夜车。

7. mould one's character 塑造某人的性格

The peaceful and auspicious atmosphere in the room is the best circumstances in which one can mould his character.

宁静祥和的居室气氛，是陶冶情操的最佳境地。

8. compulsory subject 必修科目

English is a compulsory subject for college students.

英语是大学生的必修课。

9. optional subjects/courses 选修科目

In order to promote non-English majors' oral English skill and intercultural communication ability, public speaking optional subject has been integrated into English curriculum in my college.

为提高非英语专业学生口头表达能力和跨文化交际能力，我校开设了英语演讲选修课。

10. instill high moral values 灌输崇高的道德观念

The teachers should instill high moral values in their students.

老师应该给学生灌输崇高的道德观念。

环境类短语

在面对环境类问题时，我们可以从与环境相关的关键词入手。例如，政府和个人可以分别采取什么措施改善环境，可以就环保和节约两个层面进行论述。其次要想写出一篇高质量的文章，地道的短语必不可少。考生们需要积累相应的环境类别的短语，并能够熟练应用于句子之中，同时也要注意积累写作常用句式，因为好的句子能够改善和提高文章的可读性。只有做好积累，考生才能够在考场上文思泉涌。

1. vicious circle 恶性循环

They urged their governments to break out of the vicious circle by peace initiatives of their own.

他们敦促政府，提出自己的和平倡议，以便摆脱恶性循环。

2. cause irreversible damage 造成不可逆转的破坏

Ecologists were angry with the plan, saying it would destroy Lantau as a green lung and cause irreversible damage to the environment.

生态学家对这个计划感到很生气，说它会毁掉大屿山这一片绿肺，并对环境造成不可逆转的破坏。

3. upset the ecosystem 扰乱生态系统

The oil spill off the coast of Alaska has greatly upset the ecosystem there.

在阿拉斯加近海的原油泄漏极大地破坏了那里的生态系统。

4. car emissions/exhaust fumes 汽车尾气

First of all, car emissions are having an immeasurable effect on the world's climate.

首先，汽车尾气的排放正以无可预测的速度影响着全球气候。

5. at the expense of 以……为代价

He built his business at the expense of his health.

他以健康为代价创立了他的事业。

6. non-biodegradable material 生物不可降解的材料

As we all known plastic bags are non-biodegradable material and it will stay in the soil for a long time.

众所周知，塑料袋是生物不可降解的材料，它会在土壤中停留很长一段时间。

7. ecological degradation 生态恶化

At present, regional poverty and ecological degradation form a vicious circle.

目前，区域贫困和生态环境退化已形成了恶性循环。

8. sustainable development 可持续发展

To achieve sustainable development and a life of dignity for all, we must address these issues.

为实现可持续发展和人人过上有尊严的生活，我们必须解决这些问题。

9. harsh actions/measures 严厉的措施

As the Times reports, ETS admitted it has never before taken such harsh measures.

正如《纽约时报》报道的那样， 美国教育考试服务中心（ETS）承认他们从未采取过这样严厉的措施。

10. put a strain on the resources/stretch resources to the limit 让资源承受很大压力

Some Singaporeans feel that too many foreign workers put a strain on the island state's resources causing problems such as an overcrowded public transport system.

一些新加坡人觉得大量的外国工人对岛上资源造成了很大压力，也导致了公共交通系统过于拥挤等问题。

Four trips would already stretch those resources to the limit.

运四趟已经给资源造成很大压力了。（资源有限）

托福写作对词汇和语法都是有一定的要求的，所以考生们平时一定要多注意学习和积累，基本功一定要扎实。其次就是审题和思路，看到写作题目时要理清自己的思路，注意审题，这就需要考生们平日里多接触各种领域的英文文章素材，做好素材的储备工作，这样写作时才能够有话可说。最后需要考生们对范文进行分析，迅速建立起自己的语料库，然后就是大量的练习，所谓熟能生巧就是如此。希望同学们能够仔细记忆，灵活运用！

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