国际热点 | 活动人士的重大胜利促使德国将裙底偷拍定为犯罪

整合 | 祝思琪

>>墨西哥为“生命处于危险之中”的玻利维亚前领导人莫拉莱斯提供庇护

>>波音公司和太空探索技术公司在推迟的美国国家航空航天局项目中面临“重大”挑战

>>活动人士的重大胜利促使德国将裙底偷拍定为犯罪

>>巴黎圣母院首席建筑师被要求在重建工作上“闭嘴”

>>一名邮局职员因强奸和谋杀一名学生被判处三个无期徒刑。现在南非妇女说得已经足够多了

>>威尼斯正洪水泛滥——其文物古迹的未来如何？

01

政治

Mexico grants asylum to Bolivia’s ex-leader

Evo Morales whose ‘life was at risk’

墨西哥为“生命处于危险之中”的

玻利维亚前领导人莫拉莱斯提供庇护

@ AFP Nov 12，2019

Bolivia’s Evo Morales was en route to exile in Mexico on Tuesday, leaving behind a country in turmoil after his abrupt resignation as president.

As the nation suddenly found itself without a leader, the military agreed to help police take back streets lost to violence from disgruntled supporters of Bolivia’s first indigenous president.

The senator set to succeed Morales as interim president, Jeanine Anez, pledged to call fresh elections to end the political crisis.

Bolivia appeared increasingly rudderless after dozens of officials and ministers resigned along with Morales, some seeking refuge in foreign embassies.

星期二，玻利维亚的埃沃·莫拉莱斯在流亡墨西哥途中，抛下了他突然辞去总统职务之后动荡的国家。

当这个国家突然发现自己没有领袖的时候，军方同意帮助警察从不满的玻利维亚第一位本地总统支持者那里夺回因暴力而丢失的街道。

即将接替莫拉莱斯担任临时总统的参议员珍妮·阿内兹承诺，将举行新的选举以结束政治危机。

在数十名官员和部长与莫拉莱斯一起辞职后，玻利维亚愈加群龙无首，一些人在外国大使馆寻求庇护。

On Monday evening, Morales said that he was leaving the country for Mexico.

“Sisters and brothers, I leave for Mexico,” Morales tweeted, adding that he is grateful to Mexico for granting him asylum.

“It hurts to leave the country for political reasons, but I will always be watching,” Morales added. “Soon I will return with more strength and energy.”

星期一晚上，莫拉莱斯说他要离开这个国家去墨西哥。

“兄弟姐妹们，我要去墨西哥了，”莫拉莱斯在推特上说，并对墨西哥给予他庇护表示感谢。

“出于政治原因离开这个国家很痛苦，但我会一直关注。”莫拉莱斯补充道：“很快我会带着更多的体力和精力回来的。”

02

经济

Boeing and SpaceX face 'significant' challenges

in delayed NASA program

波音公司和太空探索技术公司在推迟的

美国国家航空航天局项目中面临“重大”挑战

@ CNN Nov 16， 2019

Government oversight officials issued a scathing report about delays in NASA's commercial crew program, warning that Boeing and SpaceX are facing "significant safety and technical challenges" with their spacecraft — which could leave NASA astronauts stranded on the ground next year.

The report, published Thursday by NASA's Office of Inspector General, also said that the space agency unnecessarily allocated $187 million to Boeing. As a result, the OIG estimates that NASA will pay roughly $90 million per seat to fly its astronauts on Boeing's Starliner spacecraft.

That's more than the space agency has paid Russia for use of its Soyuz capsule, which the United States has relied on to ferry people to and from the International Space Station since 2011. Soyuz seats have cost NASA up to $86 million, according to OIG, and $55.4 million on average.

政府监管官员发出了一份措辞严厉的报告，指责美国国家航空航天局商业乘务计划的延误，并警告波音公司和太空探索技术公司的航天器正面临“重大的安全和技术挑战”——这可能导致美国国家航空航天局宇航员明年被困在地面。

美国国家航空航天局监察长办公室星期四发表的这份报告还说，航天局毫无必要地向波音公司拨款1.87亿美元。因此，监察长办公室估计，为了让宇航员驾驶波音的星际飞船，美国国家航空航天局将为每个座位支付大约9000万美元。

这比航天局向俄罗斯支付的使用联盟号太空舱的费用还多，自2011年以来，美国一直依靠联盟号太空舱运送人员往返国际空间站。监察长办公室称，美国国家航空航天局为联盟号座位支付的费用高达8600万美元，平均5540万美元。

OIG estimates SpaceX's Crew Dragon will cost NASA about $55 million per seat for the first six missions.

NASA and Boeing both pushed back on the assertion that Boeing was awarded additional money unnecessarily. NASA said it's currently working to purchase more seats from Russia to ensure its astronauts won't be left without a ride to space next year if the commercial crew program encounters more delays.

监察长办公室估计，美国国家航空航天局将在太空探索技术公司“巨龙号”前六次任务中为每个座位花费约5500万美元。

美国国家航空航天局和波音公司都否认波音公司获得了不必要的额外资金的说法。美国国家航空航天局表示，目前正努力从俄罗斯购买更多的座位，以确保如果明年商业乘务计划遭遇更多延误，它的航天员将不会被滞留，无法前往太空。

03

社会

Germany moves to criminalize upskirting

in major victory for campaigners

活动人士的重大胜利促使德国将裙底偷拍定为犯罪

@ CNN Nov 14， 2019

Global outrage has mounted against the act and campaigners have been instrumental in passing legislation against upskirting in multiple countries.

"Taking photographs of a woman under her skirt or neckline is degrading and unjustifiable abuse of her personal space," German Justice Minister Christine Lambrecht said in a statement. "Often, these photos are shared in chat groups or even distributed commercially."

The draft law, which says taking and distributing images "of the genitals, the buttocks, the female breast" that was otherwise covered by clothes or a towel will be a criminal offense. It will now need parliamentary approval before it becomes law.

The bill also bans the taking and distribution "of an image that displays a deceased person in a roughly offensive manner," making it punishable by up to two years in prison.

该行为引发的全球公愤与日俱增，活动人士在多个国家通过反对偷拍裙底的立法过程中发挥了重要作用。

“在女性裙底或领口下拍照有辱人格，并且是对女性个人空间的无理滥用。”德国司法部长克莉丝汀·兰布雷希特在一份声明中表示：“通常，这些照片会被分享在聊天群中，甚至商业化分发。”

法律草案规定，拍摄和分发除了被衣服或毛巾遮盖以外，有关“生殖器、臀部、女性胸部”的照片，将构成刑事犯罪。草案现在需要议会批准才能成为法律。

法案还禁止拍摄和分发“粗暴无礼地展示死者的照片”，使其最高可被判处两年监禁。

"Taking photographs of deceased persons is not yet punishable. We close this gap now. We must spare the relatives the additional suffering of pictures of their deceased parents or children being spread around," Lambrecht said.

Film student Hanna Seide spearheaded a petition in Germany calling for the prohibition of upskirting.

It has since gained more than 100,000 signatures and led the drive to change the law, according to German broadcaster Deutsche Welle.

兰布雷希特说：“拍摄死者照片的行为尚未受到惩处。我们现在弥补了这一漏洞。我们必须让亲属免受他们逝去的父母或孩子的照片四处传播带来的额外痛苦。”

电影系学生汉娜·赛德率先在德国发起了呼吁禁止偷怕裙底的请愿。

据德国国家电视台报道，自那以后，情愿书获得了超过10万人的签名，并推动了法律的修改。

Seide told Reuters that British campaigner Gina Martin, who became a victim of upskirting at a music festival in 2017, had inspired her.

Martin was shocked when the police declined to prosecute after she reported the incident. She subsequently discovered that upskirting was not a specific offense under English law, and expressed her anger at how the incident was handled on Facebook.

Her post went viral and in April upskirting was criminalized in English law.

赛德告诉路透社记者，在2017年的一场音乐节上成为裙底偷拍受害者的英国活动家吉娜·马丁激励了她。

马丁震惊于她在报案后被警方拒绝起诉。随后她发现，根据英国法律，裙底偷拍不是英国法律规定的特殊罪行，并在Facebook上表达了对这一事件处理方式的愤怒。

她的帖子在网上疯传，4月份英国法律将裙底偷拍定为了犯罪行为。

In May, Singapore introduced new offenses for upskirt photography and also criminalized the sending of unsolicited intimate images, or "cyber flashing," as part of a major crackdown on sexual harassment online.

今年5月，新加坡出台了裙底偷拍的新罪名，并将未经同意发送隐私照片（即“网络暴露”）定为犯罪，作为严厉打击网络性骚扰的一项主要措施。

Notre Dame chief architect told to

'shut his mouth' on reconstruction

巴黎圣母院首席建筑师被要求在重建工作上“闭嘴”

@ CNN Nov 14, 2019

Debate over how best to rebuild Notre Dame has rumbled on since the landmark cathedral suffered a devastating fire in April.

Now things have got heated between Jean-Louis Georgelin, the French President's special representative for the reconstruction of the cathedral, and chief architect Philippe Villeneuve.

"I have asked to him (Villeneuve) a few times... to shut his mouth so that we can move forward wisely to serenely make the best choices for Notre Dame," Georgelin said during a meeting Wednesday.

Villeneuve has previously said the Notre Dame spire should be rebuilt as it was before the devastating fire -- a view with which Georgelin plainly doesn't agree.

自从地标性大教堂4月份遭受毁灭性火灾以来，关于如何最好地重建圣母院的争论一直不绝于耳。

现在，由法国总统任命的负责大教堂重建工作的特别代表让-路易·乔治兰和首席建筑师菲利普·维伦纽夫之间的关系变得紧张起来。

乔治兰在周三的一次会议上说：“我问过他（维伦纽夫）几次……闭上他的嘴，这样我们才能明智地向前迈进，平静地为圣母院做出最好的选择。”

维伦纽夫此前曾表示，巴黎圣母院尖顶应该按照毁灭性大火前的样子重建——乔治兰显然不同意这种观点。

In April, French Prime Minister Édouard Philippe announced an international architects' competition to rebuild the fallen spire of the cathedral.

Debate has centered on whether to rebuild the spire identically or to redesign it.

Philippe himself has expressed interest in a more modern redesign, while Paris Mayor Anne Hidalgo said she favors an identical restoration.

今年4月，法国总理埃爱德华·菲利普宣布举行一个国际建筑师大赛，以重建大教堂倒塌的尖顶。

争论的焦点集中在是一模一样地重建尖顶还是重新设计它。

菲利普本人表达了对更现代化的重新设计的兴趣，而巴黎市长安妮·伊达尔戈则表示，她更喜欢一模一样的修复。

There are also differing opinions over the timeframe of the restoration project.

With the Summer Olympics due to be held in Paris in 2024, French President Emmanuel Macron plans to have the structure rebuilt in five years.

In April Macron said that when it is rebuilt, it should be "even more beautiful."

But some have criticized the shorttime line as a political ploy.

Restoration expert Frédéric Létoffé said he thinks it could take longer, at around "10 to 15 years."

对于修复项目的时间尺度，也有不同意见。

由于2024年夏季奥运会将在巴黎举行，法国总统埃马纽埃尔·马克龙计划在5年内重建这座建筑。

马克龙4月份说，重建后，它应该会“更加美丽”。

但也有人批评短时间期限是一种政治策略。

修复专家弗雷德里克·勒托费说，他认为可能需要更长的时间，大约“10至15年”。

A post office worker was given three life sentences for raping and murdering a student.

Now South African women are saying enough

一名邮局职员因强奸和谋杀一名学生被判处三个

无期徒刑。现在南非妇女说得已经足够多了

@ CNN Nov 15， 2019

A man convicted of the rape and murder of South African student at a post office has been handed three life sentences in a case that has come to symbolize the casual violence women in South Africa face.

In August this year, Luyanda Botha, raped and murdered 19-year-old student Uyinene Mrwetyana when she went to pick up a parcel at the Cape Town post office where he worked.

Earlier in the month, she had visited the post office to inquire about her parcel and Botha contacted her a few weeks later on August 24 to let her know it had arrived.

一名男子因在邮局强奸和谋杀南非学生已经在一个案件中被判三个无期徒刑，这象征着南非妇女面临的随意暴力。

今年8月，鲁彦达·博塔强奸并杀害了19岁的学生乌伊娜·梅耶提亚娜，当时她去他工作的开普敦邮局取包裹。

本月早些时候，她曾到邮局询问包裹的情况，几周过后，在8月24日，博塔与她联系，让她知道包裹已经到达。

When an unsuspecting Mrwetyana turned up, Botha raped and attacked her, South Africa's National Prosecuting Authority spokesman Eric Ntabazalila said.

"He raped her but she fought back. He bludgeoned her with a heavy object on the head and then locked her body up in a post office safe," Ntabazalila said in a statement on Friday.

南非国家检察机关发言人埃里克·恩塔巴扎利拉说，当毫无戒心的梅耶提亚娜出现时，博塔强奸并袭击了她。

恩塔巴扎利拉在周五的一份声明中说：“他强奸了她，但她反抗了。他用一个重物猛击她的头部，然后把她的尸体锁在邮局的保险箱里。”

The 42-year-old post office worker later confessed to the crime and led police to where he dumped the body, according to prosecutors.

On Friday, a Cape Town High Court said Botha will serve a life sentence for murder and two life sentences for rape. He had pleaded guilty to the charges earlier in November.

据检方称，这名42岁的邮局职员后来对犯罪事实供认不讳，并把警察带到他抛尸的地点。

上周五，开普敦高等法院表示，博塔将分别以谋杀罪和强奸罪被判处一个和两个无期徒刑。他在11月早些时候对这些指控认罪。

04

文化

Venice is flooding -- what lies ahead for

its cultural and historical sites?

威尼斯正洪水泛滥——其文物古迹的未来如何？

@ CNN Nov 16，2019

Images of the flooded St. Mark's Basilica in Venice have shocked many across the world this week. Since Tuesday, parts of the city were damaged by the most severe high waters Venice has seen in over half a century, with six-foot high tide levels engulfing 85% of its streets and buildings, some of which are of tremendous cultural value.

St. Mark's Basilica, built in the 9th century to house the relics of St. Mark, and one of the world's most famous cathedrals, is one of them. The city's mayor Luigi Brugnaro, who declared a state of emergency on Thursday, said the landmark had suffered "grave damage." Other architectural and historical treasures in the UNESCO World Heritage Site have also been hit hard.

本周，威尼斯圣马可大教堂被洪水淹没的画面震惊了全世界。自星期二以来，城市的部分地区遭受了威尼斯半个多世纪以来最严重的高水位破坏，6英尺高的潮位淹没了85%的街道和建筑物，其中一些具有极高的文化价值。

圣马可大教堂是其中之一，它建于9世纪，用以存放圣马可的遗物，是世界上最著名的大教堂之一。市长路易吉·布鲁尼亚罗于星期四宣布进入紧急状态，并说这座地标性建筑遭受了“严重破坏”。联合国教科文组织世界遗产中的其他建筑和历史珍品也受到重创。

Italy's Prime Minister Giuseppe Conte has described the disaster as "a blow to the art of our country."

"While it's still too early to quantify the extent of its havoc, chances are it will leave indelible marks."

意大利总理朱塞佩·孔特形容这场灾难是“对我们国家艺术的一次重大打击”。

“虽然现在量化其破坏程度还为时过早，但很可能会留下不可磨灭的痕迹。”

版面编辑 | 祝思琪

责任编辑 | 余 昉