“物阜民丰”的时代竟然还有坏处？

每天进步一点点~翻译不易，请勿转载 正文共： 7413字 预计阅读时间： 19分钟

2018年5月三笔实务真题讲的是全球肥胖率在不断上升，由此引起的并发症加重了各国的医疗负担，并提出了一系列倡议以扭转这种局面，以期提高各国人们的健康水平。以下是真题内容：

饮食均衡有利于减少肥胖

Improved human well-being is one of the greatest triumphs of the modern era. The age of plenty has also led to an unexpected global health crisis: 2 billion people are either overweight or obese. Developed countries have been especially susceptible to unhealthy weight gain. However, developing countries are now facing a similar crisis.

当代最大的成就之一莫过于民生得以改善。在这个物阜民丰的时代，却也出现了令人意想不到的全球性的健康危机：世界上有20亿人不是超重就是过度肥胖。一直以来，发达国家特别容易受到不良增重的影响，而如今，发展中国家也面临着同样的危机。

the age of plenty 中的“plenty”表示“富裕，富足”

plenty: a large amount of something, or a large number of things or people, usually more than enough

物阜民丰指的是物产丰富，人民生活富足。

obese: too fat, in a way that is dangerous for your health

臃肿的；虚胖的；病态肥胖的

susceptible to

易受...影响的；对……敏感的

susceptible: easily influenced or affected by something

易受影响的；敏感的；易受感染的

e.g. The poor may be especially susceptible to such scams.

穷人可能特别容易上当受骗。《经济学人》

Walking with weights makes the shoulders very susceptible to injury.

负重行走使肩膀很容易受伤。《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》

He's highly susceptible to flattery.

他爱听恭维话。《牛津词典》

Obesity rates have peaked in high income countries but are accelerating elsewhere. The combined findings of the World Health Organization and the World Bank showed that in 2016 Asia was home to half the world's overweight children. One quarter were in Africa. This crisis will test the political resolve of governments that have focused on ending hunger. These governments must understand that the factors making cities convenient and productive also make their residents prone to obesity.

高收入国家的肥胖率已达峰值，不过，其他国家的肥胖率也在不断上升。世界卫生组织和世界银行的综合调查报告显示，2016年，世界上半数肥胖儿童都来自亚洲，四分之一的肥胖儿童来自非洲。此前，这些国家的政府致力于消饥饿，而肥胖危机将会检验他们的政治决心。

各国政府必须明白的一点是：那些使得城市更加便捷高效的东西，同样也会让居民容易变胖。

World Health Organization世界卫生组织

World Bank 世界银行

be home to 是……所在地

resolve: firm determination to do something 决心；坚定的信念

This crisis will test the political resolve of governments that have focused on ending hunger.

这句话要注意一下主从句的时态，主句This crisis will test the political resolve of governments 用的是一般将来时，that引导的定语从句时态用的是现在完成时。因为完成时表示动作已经结束，所以翻译的时候要注意后半句要把时态体现出来。

prone to 易于……；有……的倾向

I was prone to meditating on time and age.

我总是想去沉思岁月和人生。《TED演讲视频》

I was prone to anger and depression.

我很容易生气和沮丧。《TED演讲视频》

Urbanites enjoy a variety of foods. International fast food chains are flourishing in developing countries. The health risks of such diets are compounded by the sedentary lifestyles of urban dwellers. People’s leisure time is also being occupied by television, movies, and video games in a growing number of households.

大城市里的人们能够享用各色美食。国际快餐连锁店正不断遍布于发展中国家。此种不良饮食习惯威胁着人体健康，而城市居民久坐的生活方式则加剧了这种风险。人们的休闲时光也被电视、电影和电子游戏所占据，越来越多的家庭都是如此。

urbanite n. 都市人

compound: to make a problem or difficult situation worse 使加重，使恶化

sedentary: involving a lot of sitting and not much exercise 需要久坐的；惯于久坐不动的

sedentary lifestyle 久坐的生活方式

sedentary work 静态工作

Obesity and a sedentary lifestyle has been linked with an increased risk of heart disease.

肥胖和久坐的生活方式被认为会增加患心脏病的几率。

《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》

The alarming implication of these trends is that developing countries may become sick before they get rich. That sickness may, in turn, cripple health systems. The yearly healthcare costs in Southeast Asia from obesity-related complications like diabetes and cardiovascular disease are already as high as $10 billion. Such diseases are an added burden on countries already struggling to manage primary health care needs.

这些趋势也许会产生可怕的后果，即发展中国家可能未富先病。而疾病又可能会导致医疗系统瘫痪。在东南亚地区，每年由肥胖引起的并发症如糖尿病、心血管疾病所耗费的医疗成本已经高达100亿美元。对于这些国家来说，提供基本的医疗服务尚且力不从心，这类疾病更是成了额外的负担。

alarming implication 在这里是指“可能的后果，可怕的影响”。

alarming: frightening or worrying 使人害怕的;扰乱人心的

at an alarming rate 以惊人的速度

The disease has spread at an alarming rate.

这种疾病已经以惊人的速度传播开来。

《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》

Our countryside is disappearing at an alarming rate.

我们的农村地区正在以惊人的速度消亡。《牛津词典》

The rainforests are disappearing at an alarming rate.

雨林正以惊人的速度消失。《牛津词典》

implication: a possible effect or result 可能的影响（或作用、结果）

by implication: 含蓄地；暗示地

The implication was plain, if left unstated.

即使不说出来，隐含义也很明显。

《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》

cripple: to damage something severely, or to prevent it from working properly

严重损坏，严重削弱

A total cutoff of supplies would cripple the country's economy.

全面终止供给将使该国经济瘫痪。

《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》

He had been warned that another bad fall could cripple him for life.

他被警告说再一次严重摔跤会使他终身残疾。

《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》

complication：something that makes a medical condition more dangerous or difficult to treat 并发症

Blindness is a common complication of diabetes.

失明是糖尿病常有的一种并发症。

《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》

diabetes 糖尿病，注意它是一个单数名词

cardiovascular disease 心血管病（cardio 表示“心；心脏”， vascular表示“血管的”）

struggle to 挣扎；奋斗

struggle：to try hard to do sth. that you find very difficult

At the other end of the scale , life is a constant struggle to get enough to eat.

对于处在社会最底层的人来说，生活就是为吃饱肚子而不断挣扎的过程。

《牛津词典》

Policies related to taxation, urban design, and education may help control obesity at a lower cost than eventual medical treatment for an increasingly overweight population. Some governments have already intervened to control obesity by implementing taxation on unhealthy foods and drinks.

与其等到超重的人越来越多，花费大量的医疗费用，不如实施与税收、城市规划以及教育相关的政策来控制肥胖，可能耗费的成本更低。有些国家的政府已经通过对不健康的食物和饮品征税来进行干预，控制肥胖。

第一句话than引导的一个比较状语从句，这句话太长了，翻译过来的时候最好进行断句，不然中文读起来会很吃力。

than引导比较状语从句时，前后可连接两个独立的句子。看一下句子的结构：

than之前的句子比较清晰：

主语policies related to taxation, urban design, and education+谓语may help control+宾语obesity+状语at a lower cost

than之后的句子：主语eventual medical treatment for an increasingly overweight population+（省略了谓语和宾语 helps control obesity）

intervene: to become involved in a situation in order to try to stop or change it 干预，干涉

intervene in 干预；插手；调停

The problem lies in deciding when to intervene.

问题在于决定何时介入。《牛津词典》

Thailand, Brunei, and Singapore have adopted the soda tax. South Africa is likely to introduce a sugar tax beginning in April 2018. The city of Berkeley in California recognizes that taxes alone are not enough to address obesity. The city’s sugar tax revenues are used to support child nutrition and community health programs. This underscores the importance of education.

泰国、文莱和新加坡已经开始征收苏打税。南非也许会从2018年四月初开始征收糖税。加州伯克利认为光征税还不足以解决肥胖问题，该市将征收来的糖税用来支持加强儿童营养和社区的医疗项目。这一做法凸显了教育的重要性。

Brunei 文莱

address: to try to deal with a problem or question 处理，设法解决

address climate change 应对气候变化

underscore: to emphasize something, or to show that it is important

强调; 凸显......的重要性

There is also promise in many initiatives. Urban design holds significant power to reshape lifestyles and public health. Improving the attractiveness of public space can draw residents out of their cars and living rooms. A recent study of urban neighborhoods in Shanghai and Hangzhou found that residents living in more walkable neighborhoods enjoy better health than residents who lived in less walkable neighborhoods in urban China.

很多其他的倡议或许也行之有效。城市规划能够大大转变人们的生活方式和公众的身体健康状况。提高公共空间的吸引力，能够让人们减少用车，增加户外活动。近来，一项针对上海和杭州两个地区的调查发现，生活在适宜散步的街区的居民比那些生活在不适宜散步的街区的居民身体更好。

promise: signs that someone or something is likely to be successful in the future

获得成功的迹象；有指望，有前途

Their future was full of promise.

他们的前途希望无穷。

《牛津词典》

walkable 适于步行的；可以走去的

Finally, healthier lifestyles begin in grocery store aisles. Governments should encourage tighter connections between agricultural production systems, urban grocers and food vendors. Such initiatives can also help urban residents better understand how food is sourced. This raises awareness about the relationship between natural foods and healthy lifestyles.

归根结底，更健康的生活方式源自“食品杂货店通道”。各国政府应鼓励农业生产系统、城市杂货商和食品商贩三者之间加强联系。这种倡议也能有助于城市居民更好地了解食物的来源，加强健康的生活方式离不开天然食品这种意识。

healthier lifestyles begin in grocery store aisles 这句话看字面意思有些难理解，其实它指的就是“更健康的生活方式源自食品杂货店通道中的天然食品”。所以这句话也可以翻译成“更健康的生活方式源自天然食品”。

initiative 是指“倡议”的意思，在这里指代之前提到的“鼓励农业生产系统、城市杂货商和食品商贩三者之间加强联系”。

Combining controls on unhealthy foods with policies that encourage healthy eating and active lifestyles can reduce obesity rates. Improving public health is an important policy developing countries should take from both an economic and social point of view. To quote the recent Global Nutrition Report, reducing obesity will boost global development.

对不良食品进行征税，实施相关政策鼓励健康饮食和积极的生活方式，这些综合性措施有助于减少肥胖率。无论是从经济角度还是社会角度出发，提升公众健康水平都是发展中国家应该采取的一项至关重要的政策措施。正如近来《全球营养报告》所说：减少肥胖将会推动全球发展。

quote: to say or write words that someone else has said or written 引用

quote from 引用自

The poem is too long to quote in its entirety.

这首诗太长，不能全部引用。《牛津词典》

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