新冠肺炎疫情期间法律问题合规指引“新加坡篇”

导语：新加坡共和国（Republic of Singapore），简称新加坡，别称为狮城，是东南亚的一个多元文化的移民国家，促进种族和谐是政府治国的核心政策，新加坡以稳定的政局、廉洁高效的政府而著称，是全球最国际化的国家之一。新加坡北隔柔佛海峡与马来西亚为邻，南隔新加坡海峡与印度尼西亚相望，毗邻马六甲海峡南口。新加坡国土面积721.5万平方公里，仅相当于武汉的十二分之一，但人口密度却是武汉的6倍以上。

早在2020年1月2日，新加坡就发出了肺炎预警，并启动机场对武汉旅客的体温检测。全岛拥有800家定点筛查医院，并形成联动防御机制。截止2020年3月1日，新加坡累计确诊新冠肺炎患者106人，治愈74人，治疗中32人，死亡0人，疫情已经得到了有效控制。

作为技术专家治国的典范，针对新冠肺炎疫情，新加坡官方实施了一系列防疫政策，主要包括：

1.实施严格的出入境管控和隔离措施(LOA/SHN)；

2.将DORSCON（Disease Outbreak Response System Condition) 疫情爆发反应系统等级调高至橙色；

3.对病患追根溯源并每日进行详细披露；

4.为受影响的企业和员工提供经济支持；

5.不论国籍免除新冠肺炎患者治疗费用；

6.暂停大型活动，但鼓励正常的日常生活；

7.提供科学合理的公共卫生建议，在所有公共场所实施体温检测。

这些政策实际“外松内紧”，在避免造成民众恐慌的同时，遏制住了疫情扩散，以下是主要政策具体内容：

隔离措施

Leave of absence (LOA) 强制休假计划

The Ministry of Health announced that with effect from 31 January 2020 6pm, the following returning groups are to be placed on a 14-day leave of absence (LOA) from the day of their return to Singapore from mainland China:

Residents (Singaporean Citizens/ PRs) with recent travel history to mainland China within the last 14 days; and Long-term pass holders (including Work Passes, Student Pass, Dependent’s Pass and Long-term Visit Pass) with recent travel history to mainland China within the last 14 days.

新加坡卫生部宣布，自2020 年 1 月 31 日下午 6 时起，下列从中国内地返回新加坡的人员，将在到达之日起接受14天强制休假计划:

最近 14 天内曾到过中国大陆的新加坡公民、永久居民和长期签证持有者(包括工作签证、学生签证、家属签证和长期旅游签证) 。

Stay-Home Notice (SHN) 居家隔离令

The Multi-Ministry Taskforce introduced a new “Stay-Home Notice” (SHN). This SHN will take effect from 18 February 2020, 23:59 hours, and will apply to all returnees with recent travel history to China (outside Hubei) within the last 14 days.

Under the SHN, they will have to remain in their place of residence at all times during the 14-day period. This is stricter than the existing LOA regime, which had allowed returnees to leave their homes briefly, for example for their meals or to buy household supplies.

联合领导抗炎跨部门工作小组引入了新的居家隔离令。居家隔离令将从 2020 年 2 月 18 日 23:59 小时开始生效，并将适用于所有在过去 14 天内有中国大陆旅行史的回国人员(湖北以外)。

在 14 天居家隔离期间中，返回者必须时刻留在家中。这比现行的强制休假计划更为严格（强制休假计划允许返回者短时间离开家中，例如用餐或购买家庭用品）。

惩罚措施

Those who flout the SHN may face penalties and can be prosecuted under Section 21A of the Infectious Diseases Act.

Foreign workers may have their work passes revoked and be repatriated. Employers too may have their work pass privileges withdrawn. Students may face disciplinary actions from their schools or institutions. PRs, LTVP and Dependant’s Pass (DP) holders may have their Re-Entry Permit, LTVP or DP revoked or the validity shortened.

藐视居家隔离令者可能面临处罚，并可能根据传染病法案第 21A 条被起诉。

外籍工人可能被撤销工作签证并遣返回国；雇主也可能会被取消他们的工作签证申请特权；学生可能面临学校或机构的纪律处分；永久居民、长期访问签证持有者及家属签证持有者也可能面临签证被撤销或被缩短。

入境措施

From 1 February 2020, 2359h, all new visitors with recent travel history to mainland China within the last 14 days will not be allowed entry into Singapore, or to transit through Singapore.

The issuance of all forms of new visas and visa-free transit facility to those with People's Republic of China (PRC) passports will be suspended with immediate effect. Previously issued visas for those with PRC passports will also be suspended with immediate effect.

自2020年2月1日23时59分起，禁止所有在过去14天内去过中国大陆的新游客入境新加坡，也不允许通过新加坡过境。

新加坡移民与关卡局从即日起，暂停签发新签证和免签证过境设施给中华人民共和国护照持有者，之前签发的签证也会暂时失效。

From 31 January 2020, Ministry of Manpower will reject all new work pass applications for foreign workers from mainland China until further notice. Renewal applications for existing work pass holders will not be affected.

Workers from mainland China on work passes have to seek prior approval from the Ministry of Manpower (MOM) before they travel back to Singapore.

自2020 年 1 月 31 日起，新加坡人力部将拒绝所有来自中国大陆的外籍工人的新工作签证申请直至另行通知。现有工作签证持有者的续期申请不受影响。

从中国大陆返回的工作签证持有者在返回新加坡之前必须提前获得人力部批准。

律师解读：新加坡法律执行向来十分严格，自LOA及SHN执行以来，人力部已撤销了数名外籍工人的工作签证，将其遣返回国并永久禁止其入境新加坡，同时禁止雇主两年内再次雇佣外籍员工。近日更有永久居民因违反SHN被撤销永久居民资格，并永久禁止入境新加坡。正是这些严苛的执法，从根源上抑制了新加坡境外输入病例，从而保证了疫情控制目标。

经济扶持

Leave of Absence Support Programme (LOASP) 强制休假支持计划

The Ministry of Manpower will provide support to help businesses and self-employed persons who are affected by the Leave of Absence (LOA) requirements due to COVID-19(1).

Under the Leave of Absence Support Programme (LOASP), eligible employers can apply for $100 daily per affected worker for the required duration of paid LOA granted to the employee……Eligible employers will also qualify for levy waiver for affected foreign workers for the LOA period. Self-employed SCs and PRs who had travelled to mainland China on or before 31 January 2020 and placed themselves on LOA upon their return to Singapore on or after 31 January 2020 can also apply for the daily support of $100.

新加坡人力部将为因 COVID-19(1)而受到休假规定影响的企业员工和自营职业者提供经济支持。

根据强制休假支持计划，符合条件的雇主可为每名受影响的雇员申请每日 100 新币的补贴……符合条件的雇主还有资格在强制休假计划期间免交外籍员工征费。符合条件的自营职业者也可申请每日100新币的补贴。

Leave of Absence Support Programme Extended To Those Serving Stay-Home Notice 强制休假计划支持范围扩展到居家隔离令

From 18 February 2020, 23:59 hours, the Ministry of Manpower will extend the Leave of Absence Support Programme (LOASP) to businesses and self-employed persons affected by Stay-Home Notice (SHN) requirements due to COVID-191.

自2020年2月18日23:59起，新加坡人力部将扩展强制休假支持计划覆蓋范围，受到居家隔离令影响的企业员工和自营职业者也可获得每日 100 新币补贴。

其他经济扶持

According to STB Singapore, 2 February 2020, hotels that provided accommodation to suspected and confirmed cases of nCoV infections will get help with their environmental cleaning and disinfection costs. STB will cover up to 50 per cent of third-party professional cleaning fees, which will be backdated to 23 Jan, when the first case of nCoV infection in Singapore was detected.

2020年2月2日，新加坡旅游局公布政策，将为疑似和确诊新冠病毒患者提供住宿的酒店提供环境清洁和消毒费用支持。旅游局会支付最高达50%的第三方专业清洁费用。这项政策将追溯到1月23日，即新加坡第一例病例确诊时间。

The Hotels Licensing Board will waive licence fees for hotels for the rest of 2020. Similarly, travel agents and tourist guides whose licenses are due for renewal in 2020 will not need to pay to renew their licence fees.

酒店牌照委员会将免除酒店2020年剩余时间内的酒店牌照费。同样，旅行社和导游也将被免除2020年度的许可证更新费用。

结语：在疫情发展之初，新加坡的政策曾受到一些质疑，如鼓励不戴口罩，轻症在家隔离等，但这些都是由新加坡的国情决定的。新加坡是一个工业极其不发达，日常生活和经济发展高度依赖国际的弹丸小国，物资无法自给自足，口罩更是完全依赖进口，因此必须集中资源优先保障前线医护人员。而身处国际贸易中心的新加坡无法承受闭关锁国带来的经济创伤，因此在权衡之后选择了最优解。目前来看，新加坡的政策经受住了疫情的考验，值得其他国家借鉴和学习。