越南的制度与中国有些相似，自中国改革开放后，越南亦步亦趋，向中国学习，自1986年开始，越南宣布“革新开放”。越南迎来了一个快速发展时期。经过数十年的改革，越南人获得了国际上的大量产业落地，经济增速甚至一度超过中国，创造了一个经济史上的巨大成就。但尽管如此，今天的越南在国际上依然没有太大的影响力。尽管已经走上革新之路三十年，但今天的越南还是贫穷落后，在全亚洲范围内都处于垫底水平。在美版知乎Quora上，越南网友问：和中国相比，为什么越南人这么聪明反而这么穷？这个问题引起各国专家网友的关注，我们看看他们的回答。
问题：为什么越南人这么聪明反而这么穷？
越南网友图安明的回答
The Vietnamese are not so smart. This is a trap of self boasting in public opinion propaganda. Every Vietnamese must be vigilant against such remarks.
越南人没那么聪明，这是舆论宣传中的自我吹嘘的陷阱，每个越南人都必须警惕这种言论。
I repeat: Vietnamese are not smarter than others. We cannot be compared with other countries such as the United States, Germany, Japan and China. We are even inferior to Thais, Malaysians, Indonesians and Filipinos. We are so ordinary and lowly that we should feel ashamed rather than think we are smart.
我再说一遍：越南人并不比其他人聪明，我们无法与美国、德国、日本和中国等其他国家相提并论，我们甚至不如泰国人、马来西亚人、印度尼西亚人和菲律宾人，我们是如此的普通和低下，以至于我们应该深感羞耻，而不是自认聪明。
You think my opinion is harsh? Let's look at:
你觉得我的观点很苛刻？让我们看看：
• name the world-class contribution of a Vietnamese person or team in any field. I repeat: world class, which means that what they have accomplished is a feat recognized by the world;
•说出一名越南人员或团队在任何领域的世界级贡献。我重复一遍：世界级，这意味着他们所完成的是一项获得世界认可的壮举；
• list a company from Vietnam, whose influence and market share are among the best in the same industry;
•列举一家来自越南的公司，其影响力和市场占有率在同行业内名列前茅；
• any noteworthy inventions and creations of Vietnamese;
•越南人任何值得一提的发明创造；
• any speech made by Vietnamese on Ted or tedx will have a wide spread effect in other countries;
•越南人在TED或TEDx上发表的任何演讲，在其他国家产生广泛的传播效应；
If you can say one, I will not oppose this view! If our people are smart, why do we still struggle at the low end of the world industrial chain? Please calm your self-esteem and let me help you understand this country again.
如果你能说出一个，我都不会反对这个观点！如果我们的人民很聪明，为什么还要挣扎在世界产业链的低端？请平息你的自尊心，让我帮你重新认识这个国家。
The Vietnamese think they are very smart, because they have inherited the cunning of their ancestors, so... We can only play some tricks at most, and have no ability to solve any problems in a systematic way.
越南人认为自己很聪明，因为他们继承了先辈的狡黠，所以…我们最多只是玩一些小把戏，而没有能力用系统的方法来解决任何问题。
I agree with the view that we have not achieved our full potential. As a nation, we are not even close to the collective power to achieve our goals.
我同意这样的观点，即我们还没能发挥出应有的潜力。作为一个国家，我们甚至还没有接近用以实现目标的集体力量。
That is because our leading collective team is fragmented, but our culture is rooted in Confucianism, so we are deeply immersed in collective thinking. The continuous war means that we can never calm down freely and think about any major issues.
那是因为我们的领导集体团队四分五裂，但我们的文化又根植于儒家思想，因此我们深深地陷入了集体思维之中，持续不断的战争意味着我们永远不能自由地冷静下来，思考任何重大问题。
We are not so smart. Let's take some time to admit that we were bad in the past. We must tell our future, saying: "let us become smarter, don't degenerate in poverty, don't pretend to be smart, and don't teach your children some bureaucratic and Confucian nonsense."
我们没有那幺聪明，让我们花点时间承认我们在过去很糟糕，我们必须告诉我们的未来，说：“让我们变得更聪明，不要在贫穷中堕落，不要自诩聪明，不要教你的孩子一些官僚主义和儒学式的废话。”
On the other hand, if we are smart enough, history will not be like this to us:
从另一个角度说，如果我们足够聪明，历史对我们来说就不是这样了：
1. We should open up and learn western technology like the Japanese. On the contrary, Vietnam was isolated and became a hermit kingdom like Bhutan. Japan realized industrialization, while Vietnam became backward and could not resist the invasion of colonialism.
1.我们应该像日本人那样开放并学习西方技术。相反，越南与世隔绝，成为了一个像不丹一样的隐士王国。日本实现了工业化，而越南则变得落后，无法抵抗殖民主义的入侵。
2. After the Vietnam War, we should have allowed the bourgeoisie in South Vietnam to develop freely, instead of cleaning up capitalism, so as to preserve the enterprises and industries in South Vietnam.
2.在越南战争后，我们本应该让南越的资产阶级自由发展，而不是对资本主义进行清洗，从而保留南越的企业和工业。
After the Vietnam War, we should not provoke China. Perhaps Vietnam should also stay away from Cambodia and focus on rebuilding its destroyed economy. We should implement a market economy rather than a planned economy at roughly the same time as the Chinese. This means that we will have an additional decade of growth.
3.越战结束后，我们不应该挑衅中国。或许越南也应该远离柬埔寨，专注于重建被摧毁的经济。我们应该在与中国人在大致相同的时间实施市场经济而不是计划经济。这意味着我们将有额外的十年的增长。
Now entering the 21st century, we are still short-sighted and unable to recognize our shortcomings. I would like to say that the Vietnamese are not smart and we are very cunning. However, it seems that these small cleverness can only bring temporary short-term benefits, which is very unfavorable to future development.
现在进入21世纪，我们仍然目光短浅，无法认识到自己的缺点。我想说越南人不聪明，我们很狡猾，但这些小聪明似乎只能带来暂时的短期收益，对未来的发展是非常不利的。
越南网友凯文•丹姆的回答
I'm Vietnamese, but I don't think we're smart.
我是越南人，但我认为我们不聪明。
1. When foreigners buy things from Vietnam, the Vietnamese always say, "you've been blackmailed. It's cheaper to buy in another place."
1.当外国人从越南买了东西后，越南人总是说：“你被敲诈了，在另一个地方买会便宜很多。”
Um... What can I say? They are devaluing their products, making people think that the Vietnamese are talking sweet words and cheating money. No wonder the Ministry of tourism of Vietnam has always complained that tourists' consumption in Vietnam is lower than that of other countries (the total consumption of US $8 billion is far lower than that of Thailand's US $52 billion and Indonesia's US $15 billion). Thai people would not do such stupid things. They really know how to make money from tourists.
嗯……我能说什么呢，他们在贬低自己的产品，让人觉得越南人花言巧语，欺诈钱财。难怪越南旅游部一直抱怨游客在越南的消费低于其他国家（80亿美元的消费总量远低于泰国的520亿美元和印度尼西亚的150亿美元）。泰国人就不会做这种蠢事，他们真的知道如何从游客那里赚钱。
2. When selling goods, Vietnamese always hope to sell at a lower price than their competitors. A big price war will reduce everyone's profit, resulting in a lose lose situation.
2.在销售物品时，越南人总是希望以比竞争对手更低的价格销售。大打价格战会让每个人的利润下降，造成双输的局面。
When I was in Thailand, the prices of all suppliers were about the same. No one plays this dirty trick. Even the taxi driver's offer is quite consistent. Tourists have no choice but to pay.
我在泰国时，所有供应商的售价大致相同。没有人玩这种肮脏的把戏，就连出租车司机出价也相当一致，游客别无选择，只能买单。
3. The misplaced nationalism in Vietnam is also worth mentioning. Is it helpful to the Vietnamese? No, Vietnamese still watch Chinese movies, drive Japanese cars, wear American brands and listen to Korean music. At the same time, Vietnamese nationalists became crazy, creating fake news, riots and protests, spreading fake news and slandering Vietnamese brands, and then complaining about why Vietnamese brands could not grow or produce good products, as did music and films.
3.越南国内的错位的民族主义也值得一说，它对越南人有帮助吗？没有，越南人仍然看中国电影，开日本车，穿美国品牌，听韩国音乐。与此同时，越南民族主义者变得疯狂，制造假新闻、暴乱和抗议，传播假新闻和诋毁越南品牌，然后抱怨为什么越南品牌不能成长或生产出好的产品，音乐和电影也是如此。
4. Complain about why the construction of infrastructure and large-scale projects is not fast, but refuse to move when the government gives compensation, even if the government pays them a lot of money and provides them with housing. Then complain about why large-scale projects cost so much money and delay because of land acquisition. If all Vietnamese start from the overall situation, Vietnam will be built into a better place.
4.抱怨为什么基础设施和大型项目建设不快，但在政府给予补偿时拒绝搬迁，即使政府付给他们很多钱，并给他们提供住所。然后抱怨为什么大型项目因为土地征用问题花费了这么多钱和这么多延误。如果所有越南人都从大局出发，越南会被建设成一个更好的地方。
5. No liability. It is our fault to say that this is the government's fault. Blaring the horn in the street, littering everywhere, selling fake goods, bribing traffic police, and then complaining about why Vietnam is so chaotic, why there are so many vendors on the sidewalk, and traffic congestion
5.不承担责任。说这是政府的错，其实是我们的错。在街上肆无忌惮地按喇叭，到处乱扔垃圾，卖假货，贿赂交警，然后抱怨为什么越南这么乱，为什么人行道上有这么多小贩，交通拥堵……
6. We believe that everything foreigners say is right, but there are a lot of lies and misleading values that need us to identify. The mentality of worshiping foreign countries and fawning on foreign countries has seriously hindered the establishment of Vietnamese national self-confidence.
6.认为外国人所说的一切都是对的，但其中有大量的谎言和误导性价值观需要我们去甄别，崇洋媚外的心态严重阻碍了越南民族自信心的建立。
美国专家约翰•希缇斯的回答
There are several reasons why Vietnam's GDP is still lower than that of ASEAN countries of considerable size:
越南的GDP仍然低于东盟相当规模的国家，有以下几个原因：
1. Limitations of planned economy
1、计划经济的限制
It was not until the Doi Moi policy was promulgated in 1986 that the real economic reform in the 1990s was officially started, and Vietnam was no longer a country that could not feed its people.
直到1986年Doi Moi政策颁布，1990年代真正的经济改革才算正式开始，越南才不再是一个无法养活人民的国家。
After the United States lifted economic sanctions and Vietnam joined ASEAN, a large amount of foreign investment and international trade began in the mid-1990s, and the real economic growth began in the mid-2000s.
在美国解除经济制裁和越南加入东盟后，大量外国投资和国际贸易才在20世纪90年代中期开始，真正的经济增长始于2000年代中期。
2. Destruction caused by many wars
2、多次战争造成的破坏
Vietnam has experienced more than 40 years of destructive Wars - World War II, the war against France, the Vietnam War, and the war against Khmer... The resulting infrastructure damage and mental trauma will take decades to recover.
越南经历了40多年的破坏性战争——二战、对法战争、越南战争、与高棉的战斗…由此造成的基础设施破坏和精神创伤需要几十年才能恢复。
3. Lack of help from overseas Chinese
3、缺乏海外侨民的帮助
Chinese and overseas Chinese in many places are the pillars of China's economic development in the early period of reform and opening up (such as Thailand and Malaysia). They are most willing to invest and inject vitality into the economy. There are few overseas Chinese living in Vietnam. Most of them were either killed by yueduan or fled as boat people in the 1970s and 1980s.
许多地方的华人华侨是中国改革开放初期经济发展的支柱（如泰国、马来西亚），他们最愿意投资并为经济注入活力。在越南生活的华侨很少，大多数人要么被乐段杀害，要么在20世纪七八十年代作为船民逃离。
Vietnamese overseas Chinese have not contributed to Vietnam's economic recovery as overseas Chinese do. Although Vietnamese overseas Chinese usually perform well in foreign countries, they lack the economic strength of overseas Chinese, and they cannot invest in Vietnam on a large scale like overseas Chinese.
越南侨民没有像海外华人那样为越南的经济复兴做出贡献。尽管越南侨民通常在异国他乡表现良好，但他们缺乏海外华人的经济实力，他们不能像海外华人那样大规模投资越南。
4. Weak industrialization
4、薄弱的工业化
When the Doi Moi policy started after the Vietnam War, the industrial infrastructure was zero, and Vietnam needs to start from zero. The leadership is poor, and people like Yue Duan have been in power for too long.
在越南战争结束后Doi Moi政策开始时，工业基础设施为零，越南需要从零开始。领导层能力差，像乐段这样的人掌权时间太长了。
5. Education
5、教育
Before the war, there was no university in Vietnam that was universally praised like Tsinghua University or Peking University. Vietnam's education system has not yet met the standards of Malaysian or Chinese schools. Vietnam lags far behind in science, technology and education.
战前，越南没有像清华大学或北京大学这样受到普遍赞誉的大学。越南的教育系统尚未达到马来西亚或中国学校所达到的标准。在科技教育方面，越南远远落后。
6. Lack of investors
6、缺乏投资者
Funds from South Korea, Japan and Singapore are currently investing in Vietnam, but other ASEAN countries such as the Philippines are also competing for the same funds. Western Europeans and Chinese (including Hong Kong and Taiwan) capital are not interested in Vietnam at all.
韩国、日本和新加坡的资金目前正在越南投资，但菲律宾等其他东盟国家也在争夺同样的资金。西欧人和中国（包括香港、台湾）资本对越南根本不感兴趣。
澳大利亚华裔网友刘文朝的回答
No matter which country, they have both good and bad sides. There are both modern cities and less developed cities. Even in highly developed countries such as Europe and the United States, they are not very modern everywhere. For example, in the United States, even in large cities such as Los Angeles, some homeless people sleep on the roadside.
无论哪个国家，它们都有好的一面和坏的一面。既有现代城市，也有不太发达的城市。即使是欧洲和美国等高度发达的国家，它们也不是到处都很现代化。例如，在美国，即使在洛杉矶等大城市，也有一些流浪汉在路边睡觉。
So is Vietnam. Although Vietnam as a whole is not very developed, they also have bright areas, such as Ho Chi Minh City and Hanoi.
越南也是如此。虽然越南作为一个整体不是很发达，但他们也有亮眼的区域，如胡志明市和河内。
胡志明市
Especially in the past decade, Vietnam's economy has developed rapidly. A large number of international enterprises have been introduced through industrial transfer. Driven by these companies, Vietnam's economic development is also very rapid, especially in commodity export. Soon, some people even predicted that Vietnam might become the next world factory.
特别是近十年来，越南经济发展迅速。通过产业转移引进了一大批国际企业。在这些公司的推动下，越南的经济发展也非常迅速，特别是在商品出口方面。很快，一些人甚至预测越南可能成为下一个世界工厂。
With the continuous development of the manufacturing industry, the living standard and urban development level of the Vietnamese people are also changing. For example, there are many multinational enterprises in Ho Chi Minh City. In recent years, the economic growth rate is also very fast, so the urban construction of Ho Chi Minh is also very fast. Overall urban construction in Ho Chi Minh. I think it is similar to the second tier cities in China. The city may be better in the future.
在制造业不断发展的背景下，越南人民的生活水平和城市发展水平也在发生变化。比如胡志明市就有很多跨国企业。近年来，经济增长速度也很快，所以胡志明的城市建设也很快。胡志明的整体城市建设。我认为它类似于中国国内二线城市。这座城市未来可能会更好。
In the impression of many people, Vietnam is a very backward country, and there may be several reasons why everyone has this impression.
在很多人的印象中，认为越南是一个非常落后的国家，而每个人都有这种印象的原因可能有几个因素。
First, Vietnam's GDP and per capita GDP are relatively low.
首先，越南的国内生产总值和人均国内生产总值相对较低。
From the perspective of population, Vietnam is not a small country. With a population of nearly 100 million, Vietnam is already a big country. However, from an economic perspective, Vietnam's economy is relatively small.
从人口角度来看，越南不是一个小国。他们拥有近1亿人口，已经是一个大国，但从经济角度来看，越南的经济规模相对较小。
In 2020, Vietnam's GDP is only 343.2 billion US dollars, about 1900 billion yuan, only equivalent to that of Chengdu, China.
2020年，越南国内生产总值仅为3432亿美元，约为19000亿元人民币，仅与中国成都的GDP相当。
In addition, Vietnam's per capita GDP is relatively low, except for its small GDP. In 2020, Vietnam's per capita GDP was only US $2785, ranking 146th in the world. It is because the gross domestic product is relatively small and the per capita GDP is in a relatively backward position, so the overall feeling is relatively backward.
此外，除国内生产总值较小外，越南的人均国内生产总值相对较低。2020年，越南人均国内生产总值仅为2785美元，居世界第146位。正因为国内生产总值总量相对较少，人均国内生产总值处于相对落后的地位，所以整体感觉相对落后。
Secondly, the wage level in Vietnam is relatively low.
其次，越南的工资水平相对较低。
In addition to the low per capita GDP, Vietnam's wage level is also relatively low. Most people earn between 1 million yuan and 2 million Vietnamese Dong. Even in big cities like Pingyang, Ho Chi Minh and Hanoi, their wages are not high. However, for backward areas, such as Hejiang, ShanLuo and Dianfu, their wages are only about 1.8 million Vietnamese Dong.
除了人均GDP低之外，越南的工资水平也相对较低。大多数人的工资在100万元到200万越南盾之间。即使是平阳、胡志明和河内这样的大城市，他们的工资水平也不高。然而，对于落后地区，如合江、山洛和电浮，他们的工资水平只有180万越南盾左右。
Because of the relatively low wage level, many people feel that Vietnam is relatively backward.
也因为工资水平比较低，所以很多人觉得越南比较落后。
Third, some media reported that some media only reported bad news when they reported Vietnamese news.
第三，一些媒体报道，有些媒体在报道越南新闻时只报道坏消息。
As far as Vietnam is concerned, we do not deny that Vietnam is indeed relatively backward on the whole, especially in those remote mountainous areas, where many people still live in huts, without modern communication and complete supporting facilities.
对越南来说，我们不否认越南整体上确实相对落后，特别是对于那些偏远的山区，许多人仍然住在茅屋里，没有现代通信，也没有完备的配套设施。
Everyone is usually exposed to news about Vietnam's backwardness, so in everyone's impression, Vietnam is very backward, but when everyone really goes to Vietnam to experience it, everyone will have a sense of disparity. Everyone found that the real Vietnam was actually very different from the media reports.
每个人通常都会接触到关于越南落后的新闻，所以在每个人的印象中，越南非常落后，但当每个人都真正去越南体验它时，每个人都会有一种差距感。每个人都发现真实的越南和媒体报道实际上有很大的不同。
Perhaps in the impression of many people, Vietnam should live in low bungalows, even thatched cottages. These roads are "cement roads". Urban roads are crowded and chaotic, such as motorcycles or bicycles.
也许在许多人的印象中，越南应该住在低矮的平房里，甚至茅草屋里。这些道路是“水泥路”。城市道路拥挤混乱，是摩托车或自行车等。
But when you really wait for everyone to experience this field, everyone will find that Vietnam has actually changed a lot in the past decade. All aspects of construction, including urban and rural construction, and the people's living standards have been continuously improved. Therefore, we should also look at others from the perspective of development, rather than looking at things with an inherent stereotype.
但当你真正等待每个人体验这一领域时，每个人都会发现，在过去十年中，越南实际上发生了很大变化。包括城市建设、农村建设在内的各方面建设和人民生活水平不断提高。因此，我们也应该从发展的角度看待他人，而不是以固有的刻板印象看待事物。
In fact, this kind of cognitive error is exactly the same as that of many foreigners who come to China.
事实上，这种认知错误与许多外国人来到中国后的认知错误完全相同。
Due to the one-sided reports of Western media, many foreigners still know China in the 1960s and 1970s. They think that China is very backward, and even everyone can not eat enough. There are no high-rise buildings in the city, no cars on the road, and so on.
由于西方媒体的片面报道，许多外国人对中国的认识仍然停留在60年代和70年代，他们认为中国非常落后，甚至每个人都吃不饱饭。城市里没有高楼大厦，路上没有汽车，如此等等。
However, when these foreigners come to China to have a real experience, they find that the real China is completely different from the China they see in the media. Great changes have taken place in China in the past few decades. Both have undergone tremendous changes, especially in the eastern region, which is not much worse than some developed countries.
但当这些外国人来到中国的真实体验后，他们发现真实的中国与他们在媒体上看到的中国完全不同。在过去几十年中，中国发生了巨大的变化。两者都经历了巨大的变化，尤其是东部地区，并不比一些发达国家差多少。
In fact, this cognitive error is affected by unilateral media reports, so when we judge things, we can't just watch the media reports. To truly understand the essence of things, we should experience them on the spot, then see ourselves, see ourselves, think, judge ourselves, learn to think about ourselves, and you can get the correct answer.
事实上，这种认知错误受到媒体单方面报道的影响，所以当我们判断事情时，我们不能只看媒体报道。要真正理解事物的本质,我们应该在现场体验,然后看到我们自己,看到我们自己，思考，判断自己，学会思考自己，你就能得到正确的答案。
Of course, there are some obvious defects in Vietnamese society, that is, "lack of creativity" and unique "box thinking", which makes Vietnam seem to be a bit behind in the Confucian cultural circle.
当然越南社会还是有一些显而易见的缺陷，即“缺乏创造力”和特有的“盒子思维”，这就导致同处于儒家文化圈，越南显得有点扯后腿了。
I hope the Vietnamese can overcome these problems in my lifetime. I can't say I'm optimistic, but I'm full of hope.
希望越南人能在我有生之年克服这些问题。我不能说我很乐观，但我充满希望。