7月2日，博鳌亚洲论坛会同亚洲金融合作协会共同携手，在北京大学数字金融研究中心的支持下，举办了亚洲普惠金融生态建设与数字化发展线上圆桌会，并发布了博鳌亚洲论坛旗舰报告《亚洲金融发展报告：普惠金融篇》。来自论坛成员、合作机构以及业界、学界、媒体等百余人与会。
On the afternoon of July 2, 2020, the Boao Forum for Asia (BFA) and the Asian Financial Cooperation Association (AFCA), with support of the Institute of Digital Finance (IDF) of Peking University, jointly held an online roundtable on “Ecosystem Building and Digital Development of Financial Inclusion in Asia”, and launched the BFA flagship report “Asian Financial Development Report on Financial Inclusion”. More than 100 high-level representatives from BFA members, partner institutions, industry, academia, and media attended the event.
主旨演讲
周小川
博鳌亚洲论坛副理事长
Dr. ZHOU Xiaochuan
Vice Chairman of the BFA
多年来，中国通过持续的制度变革来推动普惠金融生态的改善，逐步建立起多元化、广覆盖的普惠金融机构体系。中国高度重视推动普惠金融发展，取得了不少成绩，也面临诸多挑战。主要有如下几点体会：一是全社会应深化普惠金融认识，推动普惠金融实践。二是保证扎根并面向基层的机构财务健康、可持续、实力不断增强和脚踏实地。三是要提供切实有效的激励机制。四是建立并保持简捷、有效的公司治理。五是不断改进对普惠金融的监管与指标体系。六是减少扭曲，防范道德风险。
数字普惠金融在延伸金融服务半径的同时，大大拓展了金融服务类别。当前，在疫情加大社交疏离的情况下，数字普惠金融更是体现出了强大优势。后疫情时代，用户可能会更加认同无接触式金融服务，金融数字化转型可能会进一步加速。
Over the years, China has improved the financial inclusion ecosystem through continuous institutional reforms. Great efforts have been made in building diversified and widely-covered financial inclusion institutional system. China attaches great importance to financial inclusion, and has achieved great accomplishments yet faced mounting challenges. The following are some reflections: First, the society as a whole should strengthen and deepen its understanding of financial inclusion and promote its development. Second, financial institutions originating from and serving grassroots should be financially healthy, sustainable, continuously power enhancing, and down to earth. Third, effective incentive mechanisms are required for financial inclusion. Fourth, streamline and effective corporate governance needs to be established and maintained. Fifth, continuous improvement in supervision and index systems is required. Sixth, we need to minimize distortions and avoid moral hazards.
Digital financial inclusion greatly extends the service radius of financial businesses, and broadens the categories of the services to a much larger extent. Amidst social distancing caused by the Pandemic, digital financial inclusion has demonstrated strong advantages. After the pandemic, clients may be more adapted to contact-free financial services whose digitization will be further accelerated.
开幕致辞
李保东
博鳌亚洲论坛秘书长
LI Baodong
Secretary General of the BFA
2005年，联合国“国际小额信贷年”首次提出普惠金融（Financial Inclusion）概念，此概念逐渐受到各国际组织和世界各国的关注。近年来，亚洲普惠金融总体发展已达到或赶超世界水平，但经济体之间的发展水平严重不平衡。新冠疫情爆发后，为应对二战以来最严重的经济衰退，应进一步推动普惠金融，支持中小微企业以及弱势群体，以刺激经济、减轻失业和缓解社会紧张情绪。
The term “financial inclusion” was first proposed by the United Nations in 2005 “International Year of Microcredit”, and since then attracted wide attention across the world. In recent years, the development of financial inclusion in Asia now rivals or above the world average. Nevertheless, significant disparities in financial inclusion still exist among Asian economies. Since the outbreak of the pandemic, against the backdrop of a sharp contraction of the world economy, how to protect the micro-, small-, and medium-sized enterprises and the disadvantaged groups, to mitigate the unemployment pain and social pressure, has stayed on the governments’ top agenda. How to further expand the depth and breadth of financial inclusion that can help the basic production cells and the most vulnerable groups in each society is of tremendous importance.
开幕致辞
陈克⽂
亚洲⾦金金融合作协会秘书⻓长
CHEN Kewen Secretary General of the AFCA
亚洲各国处于不同的经济发展阶段，在解决普惠金融发展差异化问题方面获得了经验，为各国少走弯路、因地制宜提供了重要参考。各国应大力推动普惠金融、构建适合本国国情的普惠金融生态体系。
Asian countries with different levels of economic development have gained experiences in solving universal and differentiated problems of financial inclusion. These valuable experiences can serve as good references for each country to avoid detours and promote financial inclusion based on local conditions. Countries should take great efforts in promoting financial inclusion and build financial inclusion ecosystems based on their conditions.
嘉宾演讲
穆罕默德·尤努斯教授
诺贝尔和平奖获得者
Professor Muhammad YUNUS
Nobel Peace Prize Winner
在新冠疫情暴发前的“旧世界”，人类面临气候变暖问题、财富分配不均问题以及人工智能快速发展导致更多失业和社会不稳定等问题。人类社会需要建立一个新世界，设计新的金融体系。特别是关注被传统金融体系忽略的人口，服务这部分人群的金融服务应该成为金融系统的主要任务；同时，成立更多“社会企业”属性银行，以解决社会问题为目标。
In the “old world” before the Coronavirus pandemic, people faced global warming issues, wealth concentration issues, and the unemployment and social instability issues caused by the fast develop of Artificial Intelligence. Human societies need to build a new world and design a new financial system. The new financial system should especially focus on the population left out from the conventional financial system, and make it the mainstream instead of the footnote of the financial system. At the same time, we need to build more social business financial institutions, with the goal to solve problems instead of making profits.
嘉宾演讲
田国立
亚洲金融合作协会理事长、中国建设银行董事长
TIAN Guoli
Chairman of the AFCA
Chairman of BOD of the Bank of Construction
发展普惠金融，促进金融资源公平有效配置，已成为各方化解小微企业困境、支持小微企业发展的共识。中国建设银行于2018年将普惠金融确立为全行发展战略，以金融科技赋能普惠金融，运用互联网和大数据技术，对小微企业进行立体式全息画像，建立负面清单，对不在负面清单中的小微企业批贷放款，带来规模效应。2020年3月，建行成为全国首家普惠型小微企业贷款余额突破万亿元的商业银行。
Promoting financial inclusion to achieve fair and efficient financial resources allocation has become a consensus of all parties in supporting micro and small enterprises. In 2018, the China Construction Bank (CCB) made inclusive finance a bank-wide strategy, empowered inclusive finance business using FinTech. With the help of the Internet and Big Data technology, CCB drew an all-dimensional portrait of each enterprise, put in place a negative list and granted loans to businesses not on the list, realizing scale effect. In March 2020, CCB became the first commercial bank in China with outstanding inclusive finance loans to micro and small businesses topping 1 trillion Yuan.
分会重点发言
第一环节 亚洲普惠金融生态建设
Session 1 Ecosystem Building of Financial Inclusion in Asia
分会重点发言
勒哈格瓦苏伦
蒙古国央行行长
LKHAGVASUREN Byadran
Governor,
Bank of Mongolia
蒙古国花大力气发展普惠金融，采取的措施包括：为公众提供金融素养教育，保护金融消费者，加强征信系统等金融基础设施建设，支持数字金融发展的经验。尽管蒙古人口密度低，但政府通过银行账户发放社会福利和广泛使用智能手机，使居民账户拥有率达95%。
Mongolia has made great efforts in strengthening its financial inclusion and taken steps in enhancing the public’s financial literacy, protection of financial consumers, strengthening the credit registration system and other financial infrastructure, and development of digital finance. Against low population density, the Mongolian government has lifted the population account ownership rate to 95% through making welfare, pension and salary payments almost exclusively through bank accounts and the wide use of smartphones.
分会重点发言
余文建
中国人民银行
金融消费权益保护局局长
YU Wenjian
Director General,
Financial Consumer Protection
近年来中国积极落实了G20关于普惠金融的各项成果。2017年G20汉堡峰会通过的《数字普惠金融新兴政策与方法》介绍了17项数字普惠金融的国别经验和案例，中国有5项入选。
2019年，人民银行与巴西央行共同牵头开展G20普惠金融全球金融合作伙伴议题改革，把数字普惠金融和中小企业融资确立为两个长期议题。
In recent years China has actively implemented the achievements on financial inclusion by G20. The New Policies and Methods on Digital Financial Inclusion endorsed by G20 Hamburg Summit in 2017 introduced 17 cases of digital financial inclusion in different countries, out of which 5 were from China.
In 2019, the PBC and the Central Bank of Brazil jointly led the reform on G20 Inclusive Finance Global Partnership Issues, setting digital financial inclusion and SME financing as two long-term items on the agenda.
分会重点发言
金炳七
韩国金融监督院国际局局长
Byung Chil KIM
Director General,
International Affairs Department of Financial Supervisory Service
韩国监管当局积极为商业银行提供普惠金融产品和服务创造良好环境的情况。例如，在基于金融科技提高金融服务便利性方面，韩国的银行给兼职者贷款，并为老年人提供服务；为帮助减轻不良信贷风险，向小微企业和自雇者提供管理咨询服务，帮助其管控经营风险。同时，为根除非法个人贷款，韩国近日对金融法做出了相关修改。
Republic of Korea’s regulatory authorities actively created a good environment for commercial banks to provide financial inclusion products and services. Such as, on the Fintech-based policies that improve financial access, Korean banks introduced the loan product for part-timers and piloted an innovative product to serve the elderly, and they took measures to mitigate risks of bad debt and provided management consulting services for the self-employed and SMEs to help them manage risks. Meanwhile, in order to eradicate illicit private loans, Korea revised the financial law recently.
第二环节 亚洲普惠金融数字化发展
Session 2 Digital Development of Financial Inclusion in Asia
分会重点发言
井贤栋
蚂蚁集团董事长
Eric Jing
Executive Chairman of Ant Group
普惠金融在疫情下发挥重要作用，包括通过支付宝平台发布急需应用程序，与多家银行合作为中小企业提供资金，与地方政府合作发放消费券。
另外，蚂蚁集团积极与亚洲伙伴合作，通过数字化平台支持印度、泰国、马来西亚、印尼、孟加拉、巴基斯坦等国家的民众和经济发展。
Analyzed the role of digital financial inclusion under the pandemic, including launching applications on the Alipay platform to serve people’s life, cooperated with other banks to provide funds for SMEs, and cooperated with governments to distribute consumption vouchers.
In Asia, Ant Group actively cooperate with partners in India, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, Bangladesh, Pakistan to support their people and economic development.
分会重点发言
黄益平 教授
北京大学数字金融研究中心主任
Professor HANG Yiping
Director,
Institute of Digital Finance
of Peking University
数字技术带来普惠金融的革命，技术巨头、大数据和云计算三大特点使数字技术可以有助于大范围、低成本地推广普惠金融服务，并通过市场化运作实现商业可持续目标。疫情期间，数字金融发挥了非常重要的宏观经济稳定剂的作用；亚洲区内加强合作可以使数字普惠金融提升一个级别。希望在博鳌亚洲论坛、亚洲金融合作协会等平台下进行合作，推动亚洲在数字普惠金融领域成为全球领导者。
With the three major characteristics including BigTech, big data and cloud computing, digital technology can reach a broader range of clients and reduce cost and achieve financial sustainability from market-based operation. Digital financial services acted as economic stabilizer during the pandemic, and cooperation within Asia could take digital financial inclusion into the next level. These kinds of cooperation hopefully can be carried out both under the BFA and under the AFCA to promote Asia to become a global leader in the field of digital financial inclusion.
分会重点发言
米哈伊•鲍陶伊
匈牙利央行副行长
Mihály Patai
Deputy Governor,
Magyar Nemzeti Bank
面对新时代各种技术变化挑战，中央银行一个重要解决方案或许在于数字货币。央行应不断作出创新和调整，未来由央行和商业银行共同构成的双层银行体系可能变为混合银行体系。央行和客户之间可能建立快速通道，央行会直接和中小企业甚至是家庭有直接联系。央行数字货币会在不远的将来发生。
Facing new technological challenges in the new era, digital currencies might be one solution of the Central banks. Central banks should also adapt and innovate.The two-tier banking system consisting central banks on tier one and commercial banks on tier two would merge to a hybrid banking system, in which central banks would build direct connection with clients. In this way, central banks can directly issue loans to SMEs and SMEs can be familiar with central bank policies. Digital currency will happen in the foreseeable future.
自由讨论
阿布扎比国际金融中心（ADGM）中国首席代表傅诚刚和中国深圳交易所国际部主任刘辅忠在自由讨论环节分别介绍了中东科技赋能普惠金融和中国资本市场为中小企业融资的实践。
Visa大中华区总经理于雪莉介绍了Visa在搭建支付生态平台、金融教育、研究等方面的努力与成绩；格莱珉中国总裁高战介绍了格莱珉与中国建设银行合作的首批普惠金融合作项目。
Mr. Fu Chenggang, China Chief Representative of ADGM and Mr. Liu Fuzhong, Director of International Department of Shenzhen Stock Exchange, briefed on the practices of inclusive and developing financing empowered by technology in the Middle East and financing for the SMEs in China’s capital market.
Ms. Shirley Yu, General Manager of Great China, Visa, introduced Visa’s experiences and achievements in building payment ecosystems, financial education and research. Mr. Gao Zhan, CEO of Grameen China introduced the first batch of cooperation projects between Grameen and the China Construction Bank.
博鳌亚洲论坛李保东秘书长在会上宣布论坛正式发布博鳌亚洲论坛旗舰报告《亚洲金融发展报告:普惠金融篇》。他指出，博鳌亚洲论坛和亚洲金融合作协会共同完成这本旗舰报告并合作举办金融圆桌会，希望有助于亚洲国家找到政策选项，帮助克服当前困难，共同实现更为包容、可持续和平衡的发展。
BFA Secretary General Mr. Li Baodong announced the launch of BFA Flagship Report “Asia Financial Development Report on Financial Inclusion”. He point that, the BFA and the AFCA has jointly produced the Flagship Report and co-organized this roundtable to help identify some options for Asian countries to tackle with current difficulties and to achieve a more inclusive, balanced, and sustainable development together.
亚洲普惠金融生态体系指标及多国案例
Asian Index of Financial Inclusion Ecosystem (AIFIE) &Cases of several countries
博鳌亚洲论坛研究院与亚金协向会议介绍了《普惠金融报告》中的亚洲普惠金融生态体系指标以及多国案例。
BFA Academy and AFCA introduced "Asian Index of Financial Inclusion Ecosystem (AIFIE)" and cases of several countries analyzed in the to-be-launched Report.
12 曹莉
博鳌亚洲论坛研究院
副院长
普惠金融生态体系包括普惠金融行业主体以及普惠金融生态环境，普惠金融生态环境包括国家营商环境与政府效率、经济金融环境、金融基础设施、数字基础设施、金融消费者素养与保护等五个方面。《普惠金融报告》首次推出了“亚洲普惠金融生态体系指标（AIFIE）”，对27个亚洲样本国家的综合情况进行了客观评估。得分排前十位的国家为新加坡、韩国、阿联酋、以色列、日本、马来西亚、中国、泰国、巴林和哈萨克斯坦。
An efficient financial inclusion ecosystem includes the entities of the financial inclusion industry and a series of environmental factors. The environmental factors include business environment and government efficiency, economic and financial environment, financial infrastructure, digital infrastructure, and financial literacy and consumer protection. The Report introduces "Asian Index of Financial Inclusion Ecosystem (AIFIE)" for the first time, makes an objective evaluation of the overall situation of the financial inclusion ecosystems of 27 Asian sample countries.The top ten countries based on the index include Singapore, Republic of Korea, the United Arab Emirates, Israel, Japan, Malaysia, China, Thailand, Bahrain, and Kazakhstan.
12 杨丽玉
亚洲金融合作协会
常务副秘书长
报告聚焦中国、印度、日本、韩国、蒙古国、孟加拉国、沙特阿拉伯、马来西亚等有代表性的亚洲经济体，从五个方面介绍了亚洲普惠金融生态体系建设的经验。提出了包括制定全局战略、加强金融和数字基础设施建设、推行“以消费者需求为中心”的商业导向、构建健康的数字普惠金融生态体系、利用好“一带一路”等区域和全球化倡议协同发展等政策建议。
The Report elaborated on experiences of inclusive finance ecosystem building of selected economies in Asia, such as China, India, Japan, Republic of Korea, Mongolia, Saudi Arabia and Malaysia from five perspectives. Put forward policy recommendations including improving the financial inclusion governing system through a holistic strategy, building infrastructure of quality and diversity, practicing around the consumer-centricity, building a healthy digital financial inclusion ecosystem and making good use of regional and global cooperation initiatives such as the Belt and Road Initiative to achieve common growth.
会议瞬间
Event Moments
《亚洲金融发展报告——普惠金融篇》
《亚洲金融发展报告——普惠金融篇》是博鳌亚洲论坛六本旗舰报告之一，旨在以普惠金融生态体系的角度梳理亚洲具有代表性国家的普惠金融实践案例及发展经验，为亚洲普惠金融均衡、包容、可持续发展提供参考与支持。
立足亚洲 面向世界
传递论坛最新动态 促进亚洲深度合作
全球重要对话的传达者 亚洲共同发展的瞭望者