在上世纪六七十年代，中国和印度的经济发展差不多。比如1960年，印度GDP为370亿美元，中国为597亿美元；到了1970年，印度GDP为624亿美元，中国为926亿美元，中国依旧超越了印度。但是到了1980年，印度GDP为1863亿美元，中国为1911亿美元，两国数据差不多，占全球的比重都在1.7%左右。改革开放后，国门大开，外资不断流入，中国凭借着廉价的劳动力，快速成为了“世界工厂”。经济发展步伐也加快，与印度的差距开始逐渐拉开。印度网友问：同样拥有世界上最多的人口，中国为什么会比印度更先进和发达？
问题：同样拥有世界上最多的人口，中国为什么会比印度更先进和发达？
德国网友高弗里•温迪逊的回答
I'm German. I worked in India for a period of time and have been to some cities and villages in India.
我是德国人，我在印度工作过一段时间，也去过印度的一些城市和村庄。
Personally, I think that in the next 10 to 20 years, the gap between India and China will only grow larger, not smaller.
就我个人而言，我认为在未来10到20年内，印度和中国之间的差距只会越来越大，而不是越来越小。
First, India missed the golden opportunity of industrialization.
首先，印度错过了工业化的黄金机遇。
From the end of the cold war in 1989 to the global financial crisis in 2008, these 20 years have been the golden age of global economic globalization.
从1989年冷战结束到2008年全球金融危机，这20多年是全球经济全球化的黄金时代。
Over the past 20 years, western developed countries have transferred manufacturing to developing countries. China has seized this opportunity, while India has not!
20年来，西方发达国家将制造业转移到发展中国家，中国抓住了这个机会，而印度没有！
After the subprime mortgage crisis in 2008, western countries have felt the danger of hollowing out the manufacturing industry and strictly controlled the outflow of the manufacturing industry.
2008年次贷危机后，西方国家已经感受到了制造业空心化带来的危险，并严格控制了制造业的外流。
Since then, India has focused on manufacturing, but the good days will not come again.
从那时起，印度开始关注制造业，但好日子不会再重来了。
In recent years, India's manufacturing industry has developed, and foreign investment has also entered India in large quantities. However, foreign investment in India is very different from investment in China.
近年来，印度的制造业得到了发展，外国投资也大量进入印度。然而，在印度的外国投资与在中国的投资大不相同。
Foreign investment in India aims to capture India's domestic demand, while foreign investment in China aims not only to occupy the Chinese market, but also to meet the needs of the world!
在印度的外国投资旨在抓住印度的国内需求，而外国投资中国，目的不仅是占领中国市场，更加是为了满足世界的需要！
Foreign investment in India is more in line with the market access requirements of the Indian government.
外国在印度的投资，更符合印度政府的市场准入要求。
It is easy for us to judge whether the products made in India are competitive in the world. After all, it is difficult to see any products made in India outside India.
我们很容易判断印度制造的产品在全球有没有竞争力，毕竟在印度以外很难看到任何印度制造的产品。
Second, India may miss the fourth industrial revolution.
其次，印度可能会错过第四次工业革命。
Many people call the breakthroughs in high-speed communication, new energy, new materials, life sciences, artificial intelligence and other fields the fourth industrial revolution.
许多人把高速通信、新能源、新材料、生命科学、人工智能等领域的突破称为第四次工业革命。
But Indians are not keen on this, and they have little investment in the fourth industrial revolution.
但印度人并不热衷于此，它在第四次工业革命中几乎没有投资。
I am not saying that India has no investment at all, but the investment is very small, less than one tenth of that of China.
我并不是说印度一点也没有投资，但投资很少，不到中国的十分之一。
In the future, the level of science and technology will determine the strength of a country, and even the fate of a country.
在未来，科学技术水平将决定一个国家的实力，甚至一个国家的命运。
Third, India's environmental crisis
第三，印度的环境危机
As a person who is enthusiastic about environmental protection, I have witnessed the destruction of industrialization to China's environment.
作为一个热心环保的人，我目睹了工业化对中国环境的破坏。
The environment is easy to destroy, but difficult to repair. Today, China's annual investment in environmental protection far exceeds the sum of education and military spending.
环境很容易破坏，却很难修复。如今，中国每年的环境保护投资远远超过教育和军事支出的总和。
However, it takes several generations to repair the environment, and some people will never be committed to the recovery after environmental damage. Unfortunately, I have seen similar environmental damage in India, where the population density is higher than that of China and the environmental carrying capacity is lower than that of China.
但修复环境需要几代人的时间，有些人永远也不会致力于环境破坏后的恢复，不幸的是，我在印度就看到了类似的环境破坏，印度的人口密度比中国高，环境承载力比中国低。
India must address environmental issues that may lead to social instability and unrest.
印度必须解决可能导致社会不稳定和动乱的环境问题。
Fourth, India's education crisis, especially education inequality
第四，印度的教育危机，特别是教育不平等
Personally, 20% of the people in India have received a good education, but the other 80% have a poor education quality and environment.
就个人而言，印度20%的人接受了良好的教育，但其他80%的人的教育质量和环境确实很差。
Inequality in education leads to inequality in life development. India should pay special attention to the quality of mass education and invest a lot of money in this regard.
教育不平等导致生活发展不平等，印度应该特别关注大众教育的质量，并在这方面投入巨资。
美国网友唐纳德•卡托纳的回答
China is not a developed economy. In terms of per capita income, China still lags behind Romania and Chile. However, this is still a success story worth learning.
中国不是一个发达的经济体。在人均收入方面，中国还落后于罗马尼亚和智利。然而，这仍然是一个值得学习的成功故事。
I often visit China and have been invited to attend the world economic forum in China every year in the past few years. I spent a lot of time observing the differences between India and China.
我经常访问中国，并且在过去几年里每年应邀参加中国的世界经济论坛。我花了很多时间观察印度和中国之间的差异。
China is ahead of India for the following reasons:
由于以下原因，中国领先于印度：
1. It opened its economy to the world a few years earlier than India. for instance. Wal Mart entered China in 1996. In 2019, India has not yet allowed Wal Mart and other major global retailers to operate in India, and India's major industries remain closed to external competition.
1、比印度早几年向世界开放经济。举个例子。沃尔玛于1996年进入中国。2019年，印度尚未允许沃尔玛和其他主要全球零售商在印度境内经营，印度的主要行业仍然对外部竞争保持封闭。
2. It has three times as much land as India and more resources, including water, coal, oil, rare metals, etc. Land itself is a very important resource - look at how many disputes will arise over the acquisition of land for factories, roads or railways.
2.拥有相当于印度3倍的土地和更多的各种资源——包括水、煤炭、石油、稀有金属等。土地本身是一种非常重要的资源——看看为工厂、公路或铁路会为获得土地会发生多大的纷争。
3. Adjacent to successful economies such as Japan, South Korea and Singapore, the North Pacific trade is very active. On the contrary, the surrounding areas of India are very desolate.
3.毗邻日本、韩国、新加坡等成功经济体，北太平洋贸易非常活跃，反观印度的周边地区就很荒凉。
4. Due to various factors, women have a higher participation in the economy. They have a famous saying: women can hold up half the sky. India is obviously backward in this regard.
4、由于各种因素，女性在经济中的参与度更高，他们有句名言：妇女能顶半边天，印度在这方面明显落后。
5. Ahead of India to increase investment in human development. Therefore, compared with India, China's literacy rate, health, health and other aspects are better.
5、先于印度加大对人类发展的投资。因此，与印度相比，中国的识字率、健康、卫生等方面都更好。
6. Increase investment in urban development, so as to have more highly developed cities. India has been poor in this regard, and its cities have nearly collapsed under pressure.
6、加大对城市发展的投入，从而拥有更多高度发达的城市。印度在这方面一直很差，其城市在压力下几近崩溃。
印度专家阿密特•詹姆哈克的回答
Delimit production areas and infrastructure for enterprises
为企业划定生产区域和基础设施
China has established many flexible investment zones, export processing zones, free trade zones and high-tech zones, and provided perfect tax incentives and good infrastructure.
中国建立了许多灵活的投资区、出口加工区、自由贸易区、高科技区，并提供了完善的税收优惠和良好的基础设施。
India attempts to replicate this by establishing export processing zones and software technology parks, but the difference lies in some key areas, such as infrastructure construction and the speed of approval of investment proposals. India is extremely inefficient and corrupt.
印度试图通过建立出口加工区和软件技术园来复制这一点，但区别在于一些关键领域，如基础设施建设和投资提案的批准速度，印度效率极低，腐败严重。
Business first attitude
商业至上的态度
Dworkin said, "for decades or centuries, China has been fortunate to place the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and Taiwan in China's ethnic and investment family.".
德沃斯金说：“几十年或几百年来，中国有幸将香港特区和台湾地区置于中国的种族和投资大家庭内。”。
He added: "in order to obtain investment, technology and export channels, China has always put aside political, social and ideological differences."
他补充道：“为了获得投资、技术和出口渠道，中国总是撇开政治、社会和意识形态差异。”
However, in India, trade and economic growth have never been the most important.
然而，在印度，贸易和经济增长从来都不是最重要的。
India's economic growth always succumbs to the attitude of local tribal social customs; For example, foreign investment is always restricted.
印度的经济增长总是屈服于当地部落社会习俗的态度；比如外国投资总是受到限制。
Enthusiastic and patriotic overseas Chinese
热情而爱国的侨民
A large part of the 60million Chinese people living abroad have strong economic strength, and they have also made great returns for the country in terms of remittances and investment.
生活在国外的6000万中国人中，有很大一部分经济实力雄厚，他们也在汇款和投资方面为国家做出了巨大回报。
China has recognized the importance of overseas Chinese, and the Chinese government has a special Liaison Department to deal with overseas Chinese issues.
中国已经认识到侨民的重要性，中国政府有一个专门的联络部门来处理华侨问题。
Encourage overseas Chinese to come to China and participate in various social and economic activities on the mainland. For example, the current economic prosperity in southern China is largely due to the capital investment of overseas Chinese entrepreneurs.
鼓励华人华侨来中国并参与大陆的各种社会经济活动。例如，目前中国南方的经济繁荣在很大程度上是由于华侨企业家的资本投资。
As far as India is concerned, the government's policies towards non resident Indians lack consistency.
就印度而言，政府对非居民印度人的政策缺乏一致性。
Therefore, India needs to make use of the knowledge and capital of expatriates and formulate plans to explain how non immigrant institutions can contribute to the country's economic growth.
因此，印度需要利用侨民的知识和资本，并制定计划，说明非移民机构如何为该国的经济增长做出贡献。
Strong manufacturing base
强大的制造业基础
China has become the manufacturing center of the world.
中国已成为世界制造业中心。
The shelves of large chain stores such as Wal Mart have proved the fact that most of today's low-cost products are made in China because it provides the cheapest source of manufacturing.
沃尔玛（Wal-Mart）等大型连锁店的货架证明了一个事实，即如今低成本产品多数是在中国制造的，因为它提供了最廉价的制造来源。
In the field of electronics and hardware, China is the manufacturing center of companies such as Siemens and Hitachi global systems.
在电子和硬件领域，中国是西门子和日立环球系统等公司的制造中心。
The success of China's manufacturing industry has also attracted companies from other industries. Michelin, the world's largest auto tire manufacturer, plans to build its China business into the world's largest manufacturing base.
中国制造业的成功也吸引了其他行业的公司。全球最大的汽车轮胎制造商米其林计划将其中国业务打造成全球最大的制造基地。
A strong manufacturing base means that China can provide employment opportunities for more people than India, which has achieved growth mainly in the service sector.
强大的制造业基础意味着，与印度相比，中国能够为更多的人口提供就业机会，而印度主要在服务业领域实现增长。
Ability to respond quickly
快速响应的能力
"China is very fast and efficient in redirecting resources to higher education, economy, management, computer science, electronic and biotechnology engineering and legal fields," Dworkin said
德沃斯金表示：“中国在将资源重新引导到高等教育、经济、管理、计算机科学、电子和生物技术工程以及法律领域方面速度非常快，效率也很高。”
DeWoskin said, "it has a policy that allows and supports studying abroad, coupled with active marketing and incentive programs, so that stronger graduates can return home.".
Dewoskin说：“它有一个允许和支持留学的政策，加上积极的营销和激励计划，以使更强的毕业生回国。”。
In contrast, India has not solved the problem of brain drain, nor has it promoted itself to the destination of entrepreneurs who want to start a business.
相比之下，印度还没有解决人才流失问题，也没有将自己提升为想创业的企业家的目的地。
Efficient government
高效政府
Kenneth J. DeWoskin, a senior adviser to PricewaterhouseCoopers (China), said: "once we focus on economic growth, some good policy decisions have been implemented quickly and effectively. Since the direction was determined 40 years ago, it will not change due to party politics, ideology or leadership changes, as in Europe and the United States."
普华永道（中国）高级顾问肯尼斯·J·德沃斯金（KennethJ Dewoskin）表示：“一旦致力于关注经济增长，一些好的政策决策就得到了快速有效的实施。自四十年前确定方向以来，它不会像欧美那样因政党政治、意识形态或领导层更迭而改变。”
Although Indian business leaders agree that this may be true, they still emphasize that India's vibrant electoral regime is the only way for the country to ensure that growth and development benefit all.
虽然印度企业领导人同意这可能是真的，但他们仍然强调，印度充满活力的选举政体是该国确保增长和发展惠及所有人的唯一途径。
Lalitagupte, managing director of ICICI bank, said: "there is confusion and opposition in this. Sometimes policy decisions are often overturned."
ICICI银行董事总经理拉利塔·古普特（LalitaGupte）表示：“这其中存在着混乱和对立，有时政策决策往往会被推翻。”
High savings rate
高储蓄率
According to DeWoskin, who has been dealing with China for the past 40 years, China's savings rate is very high, which can be recycled, and the wages paid to workers are concentrated in four large state-owned banks.
据在过去40年中一直与中国打交道的德沃斯金（Dewoskin）表示，中国的储蓄率很高，可以循环使用，并将支付给工人的工资集中到四家大型国有银行。
These funds, in turn, are guided by the state and then concentrated into key projects. These funds have been financing more than 85% of China's infrastructure investment.
这些资金反过来由国家引导，然后将这些可用资金集中到关键项目中，这些资金一直为中国85%以上的基础设施投资提供资金。
印度网友卡乍得•米斯特李的回答
On the 2021 pilgrimage Festival, Saudi Arabia imported 1250 machines from a Chinese company to supply water at a price of 3800 US dollars.
在2021的朝圣节上，沙特阿拉伯从一家中国公司进口了1250台机器，以3800美元一台的价格供水。
Senior executives of the company have worked in robotics in Singapore, Stanford University and Georgia Institute of technology.
该公司的高层都曾在新加坡、斯坦福大学和佐治亚理工大学从事机器人技术工作。
先进的机器人
Then, they worked in different places such as Boston robot company and Singapore robot company. After having sufficient project management experience, they moved to Shenzhen and developed their own robots at a cost of 40%. They accepted Boston's design, remade it and added creative innovation. In 2019, together with the U.S. patent, they applied for a patent called "reverse loop circuit functional interface" and obtained approval.
然后，他们在波士顿机器人公司和新加坡机器人公司等不同的地方工作，然后在拥有充足的项目管理经验之后，他们搬到深圳，以40%的成本开发了自己的机器人。他们接受了波士顿的设计，重新制作并增加了创意创新。2019年，他们与美国专利一起申请了一种名为“反向回路电路功能接口”的专利，并获得了批准。
They spent nine years quietly researching and developing, without talking, and only focused on quality and price.
他们花了9年时间，安静研发，不说话，只关注质量和价格。
Chinese people always learn. They are always eager to learn from you and develop at a lower cost.
中国人总是学习，他总是渴望向你学习，并以更低的成本研发。
Switzerland spends 20000 dollars to make a Rolex, and Shenzhen can spend 800 dollars to make an identical one, which is almost impossible to be found to be fake, even more true than real.
瑞士花2万美元做一个劳力士，深圳可以花800美元做一个一模一样的，这几乎不可能被发现是假货，甚至比真的还要真。
China now has more money and pays more attention to education. He used this talent to improvise many well-known products, making them not only cheaper and more economical, but also better in quality in many cases.
中国现在有了更多的钱，也更注重教育，他利用这一天赋即兴创作了许多知名产品，使产品不仅更便宜、更经济，而且在许多情况下，质量也更好。
This is the growth curve of the Chinese people. The main reason is that he admits his weakness and always tries to improve it.
这是中国人的增长曲线。主要原因是，他承认自己的弱点，并总是想方设法加以改进。
Sadly, most of us Indians never want to learn.
可悲的是，我们大多数印度人从来都不想学习。
We looked at Chinese products and said - replicas, reverse engineering.
我们看了看中国产品，然后说——复制品，逆向工程。
We look at American products or German products, and then say - according to Indian Standards, our products are good enough.
我们看看美国产品或德国产品，然后说——按照印度的标准，我们的产品已经足够好了。
Our approach to criticism is that you are not qualified to criticize us.
我们对批评的处理方式是：你没有资格批评我们。
We always see our advantages full, but we don't realize that 99% is empty. We always praise mediocrity and deliberately ignore the advantages outside India.
我们总是把自己的优势看得满满的，却没有意识到99%是空的。我们总是赞美平庸，故意无视印度以外的优势。
When someone asked Bajaj in symbiosis or some IIM companies - why he didn't make cars like Audi made treasure carriage, he replied - the roads in India don't need BMW.
当有人问Bajaj在Symbiosis或一些IIM公司-为什么他没有像奥迪造宝马车那样制造汽车，他回答说-印度的道路不需要宝马。
The reporter asked, "then why can't you just do it for export???" Bajaj flustered admitted that "our engineering level and standard are different".
记者提问说：“那你为什么不能只为出口而做呢？？？”Bajaj慌乱地承认“我们的工程水平和标准不一样”。
Most of them blindly say that India is the best and we are the greatest. In the final analysis, this attitude is morbid.
他们中的大多数人盲目地说印度是最好的，我们是最伟大的。归根结底，这种态度是病态的。
Indian capitalists always say: first, for Indian Standards, this is enough. Why do I care what the United States and China are doing?
印度的资本家总是说：首先，对于印度的标准来说，这已经足够了。为什么我在乎美国和中国在做什么？
Secondly, the Indian market is enough for me.
其次，印度市场对我来说已经足够了。
Next, the Indian market must belong to me, so let me buy these politicians and provide funds for their Swiss bank accounts or election funds. So I don't have to compete with foreigners.
接下来，印度市场必须属于我，所以让我收买这些政客，为他们的瑞士银行账户或选举基金提供资金。这样我就不用和外国人竞争了。
India's attitude has explained why we have failed most of the time. India's so-called democracy has little effect, and attitude is the main reason.
印度的态度就已经说明为什么我们大部分时间都失败了，印度所谓民主的作用很小，态度才是主要原因。
This must be completely changed!
这必须彻底改变！
Because the products they produce are not as good as global standards, it is far better to belittle, ridicule and humiliate our Indian manufacturers than to praise them. Watching them fail is equivalent to watching India fail.
因为他们生产的产品没有全球标准那么好，就贬低、嘲笑、羞辱我们的印度制造商，远胜于对他们大加赞扬，看着他们失败，就等于看着印度失败。