墨西哥人对中国人的评价

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What do Mexican people think of China and Chinese?

墨西哥人如何看待中国和中国人？

Lucía Fernanda Ramírez Reyes, Private Teacher and Translator at Freelancing (2003-present)

I live in Puebla, people from here can’t tell the difference between Far East Asians.

Puebla’s nationalistic symbol is called “China Poblana”, an Indian woman traded as a servant-slave who supposedly came from Philipines in “La Nao de la China”, that was the extent of what people saw as “China”; generalizing all Asia as “China” doesn’t go as far now though, but most still can’t tell the difference between Chinese, Korean, Japanese, Vietnamese, Thailandese, Singapurean…

Very few people have bad opinions of Chinese immigrants, but when they do it’s due to the exploitative and inhumane conditions in which Chinese and Korean managers, supervisors and bussiness owners are towards their employees, however social awareness is not highly common and most Mexicans are ignorant of those issues. Whenever Mexicans have had bad experiences with Chinese bussiness, they tend to reason its not every Chinese person.

我住在普埃布拉，这里的人分辨不出远东各国人的区别。

普埃布拉的民族主义象征是“普埃布拉女华人”，这是一名被贩卖为奴的印度妇女，可能来自菲律宾，曾被视为“中国”的一部分；虽然现在我们不会把整个亚洲都当做“中国”，但大多数人仍然分不清中国人、韩国人、日本人、越南人、泰国人、新加坡人……

基本上没有人认为中国移民不好，有也是因为中国和韩国的经理们、监理们和企业主对他们员工的压榨盘剥和不人道的工作环境，不过社会大众对此并不清楚，大多数墨西哥人都不知道这些问题。每当墨西哥人与中国人在生意上闹不愉快时，他们只会觉得并非每个中国人都这样。

People see them as “exotic”, because of being foreigners, so they are very well received and warmly welcomed, opposite to how most Mexicans from this region treat other Mexicans and Central Americans.

Most humans in most countries idealize foreign countries, cultures and lifestyles, it goes more than half and half when it comes to Mexicans, some of my people have the most bizarre ideas about places in Western Europe, Canada, the US and Far Asia. They think of Japanese and Chinese as specially clever, hardworking, good for bussiness, disciplined and civilized, which is true to an extent but it’s seen as some kind of ethical utopia with no crime and absolute regard for others which is in fact clueless and unrealistic.

Some people interact with Chinese more often due to their jobs, travels or studies, and tend to have more sensical opinions.

There were racist eugenic government policies against Chinese in the 1920s and the 1930s, and deportations. Actually it only became legal for Chinese to acquire the Mexican citizen ship until about 20 or 30 years ago.

译文来源：三泰虎 http://www.santaihu.com/47074.html 译者：Joyceliu

因为他们是外国人，所以人们把他们视为“外来人口”，所以他们受到了非常贴心的接待和热烈的欢迎，这与当地大多数墨西哥人对待其他墨西哥人和中美洲人的方式是截然相反的。

在大多数国家里，大多数人都把外国、文化和生活方式理想化，对于墨西哥人来说，这一比例超过一半，我有一些同胞们对西欧、加拿大、美国和远东地区有最匪夷所思的看法。他们认为日本人和中国人特别聪明，勤奋，有经商头脑，遵守纪律，文明有礼，这在一定程度上是对的，但它似乎被抬高成了某种道德乌托邦：没有犯罪、对他人绝对尊重，这其实很愚蠢，很不现实。

有些人因为工作、旅行或学习等原因，与中国人的交流更为频繁，他们的观点往往更有道理。

在20世纪20年代和30年代，政府出台政策，将中国人驱逐出境。实际上，直到大约二三十年前，中国人才合法获得墨西哥公民身份。

Chinese exchange students usually only hang out with other Chinese hardly ever speaking Spanish, even the ones who’s major degrees are about Spanish language or Latinomerican Studies.

There are very open, outspoken and friendly Chinese migrants once in a while who are very eager to learn from our culture and socialize, but I’ve seen most talkative migrants and turists have a fixation for praising China and the way things are done over there as to be above and better than all other cultures and economic, social and political systems every two sentences, and tend to complain a lot about neutral things, so even they are amicable and likeable, it can get a bit annoying, or funny.

中国交换生通常只和不怎么说西班牙语的中国人在一起，即使他们的专业就是西班牙语或者拉丁美洲语。

偶尔也有非常开放的，率真、友好的中国移民非常渴望了解我们的文化，和我们交往；但我见过多数健谈的移民和游客，都喜欢赞扬中国和中国的处事方式，认为他们比其他国家的文化、经济、社会和政治体系都要优越，也总喜欢抱怨很多无关痛痒的东西，所以就算他们友善、可爱，也还是有点滑稽讨厌。

So if you’re interested in our culture, many people are gonna show you everything they can, take you to their homes, to parties, to eat and drink, to travel and will try to become your new generous best friends, it’s also because we are proud of many things in our present and our past, including our food, which brings me to some unrequested advice: try not to be a picky eater if you are, it can feel insulting as a Mexican and can be seen as arrogant/stuck up depending on the way, and how often you refuse to try new food/cultural things like holiday traditions, and people might get a bit distant afterwards.

Mexicans are aware of China’s economic success and admire the Chinese for it

如果你对我们的文化感兴趣，许多人会尽力帮助你，带你去他们家做客、参加聚会、吃吃喝喝、出门游玩，会努力成为你新的大方的朋友，这也是因为我们对过去和现在许多事都感到自豪，包括我们的食物，关于这一点我一定要主动说一下：如果你是一个挑食的人，试着不要挑食，否则墨西哥人可能会觉得受到了侮辱，你也可能会被人们视为傲慢自大的人，取决于你拒绝尝试新食物或节日传统等文化事物的方式和频率，人们可能会因此疏远你。

墨西哥人知道中国经济取得了多么大的成就，并因此钦佩中国。

David Martinez, Us/Mexico dual citizen/history nut. Yep, that Mexican Thing.

It's a complex relationship. Chinese have been emigrating to Mexico for almost as long as they have been emigrating to the US, so there's two interrelated perceptions there. There's also a cultural divide within Mexico - cultured people are more likely to have specific perceptions (positive or negative) about Chinese than less cultured people, who may lump all Asians together as "Chinese" (this happens less and less but it still does amongst Mexico's uneducated - usually making Japanese, Filipinos and Koreans pretty angry when they overhear Mexicans calling them Chinese).

这是一种复杂的关系。中国人移民墨西哥的时间几乎和他们移民美国的时间一样久远，所以这里有两种相互关联的看法。墨西哥也有文化鸿沟，相对于文化程度较低的人而言，有文化的人对中国人的看法更明确(不是正面就是负面)，文化程度较低的人可能把所有亚洲人都视为“中国人”。

Immigrant Perceptions

Mexico's Urban areas have always had some Chinese population. Mexico City (DF) is very fond of their "Cafés de Chinos" (Chinese Coffeehouses) - these are a mixture between a 1950s style café, that serves Mexican pan dulce and café con leche (coffee au lait) in addition to standard Mexican cooking. These are owned and operated by Chinese arrivals from immigration waves in the 20s and 60s. There was a previous wave of Chinese immigrants that come from the 1800s, either directly or as a result of the United States' Chinese Exclusion act (many of them traveled to Mexico where there was no such restructions). There's a sort-of-diluted Chinatown in Coyoacán (Mexico is very syncretic, so even in self-isolating communities such as the Chinese, you can expect more mixture of "them and us than in, say, the USA"). Here's a translation of someone talking about these unique Mexican-Chinese places after moving abroad:

对移民的看法

墨西哥的城市地区一直有一些中国人口。墨西哥城非常喜欢他们的中国咖啡馆——这是一种混合了20世纪50年代风格的咖啡馆，供应墨西哥甜面包和咖啡牛奶，以及标准的墨西哥菜肴。这些咖啡馆由20年代及60年代移民潮中的中国移民拥有和经营。上一波来自19世纪的中国移民潮，有些是直接移民到此，有些是美国《排华法案》导致的结果(他们中的许多人搬到了墨西哥)。在科约阿坎就有小型唐人街(墨西哥是一个融合性很强的国家，所以即使是在像中国人聚居的较为封闭的社区，也能看到“我们之间的融合程度要高于美国”)。 Here's a picture of a café de Chinos:

这是一张中国咖啡馆的照片:

So Chinese immigrants are seen as outsiders when they clusterize, and as part and parcel of our syncretic culture when they integrate.

In general, Mexicans consider the Chinese people as good-natured, family-oriented and hardworking, a little cold and calculating for the super-warm Mexican taste, but like them overall.

因此，当中国移民聚集在一起时，他们被视为外来者；当他们融合在一起时，他们被视为我们融合文化的重要组成部分。

总的来说，墨西哥人认为中国人心地善良、顾家、勤奋，对墨西哥人超热情的性格有点冷淡、精于算计，但总体上还是喜欢中国人的。

Perceptions of China as a Country

Personally, some of the same uneducated Western stereotypes of Asians and Chinese apply for uneducated Mexicans, as we're Western in mentality, so I won't repeat them here.

Positively, Mexico, always careful to preserve and show our pre-hispanic past, appreciates old cultures, and there's no culture as old and exquisitely so as China. So Mexicans, fans of history that we tend to be, truly appreciate learning about the Chinese and their experiences, inventions and philosophies. Buddhism and Dao have made some real inroads in Mexican circles.

把中国作为一个国家而得出的看法

就我个人而言，一些未受教育的西方人对亚洲人和中国人的刻板印象对于未受教育的墨西哥人来说同样适用，因为我们在心理上是西方人，所以我不再累述。

积极地说，墨西哥总是小心翼翼地保护和展示我们的前西班牙风格的历史，欣赏我们的古老文化，没有哪一种文化能像中国那样古老和精致。所以墨西哥人，我们作为历史爱好者，真的重视学习中国人和中国的经验、发明和哲学。佛教和道教在墨西哥的圈子颇有些拥泵者。

Albert Cornelius Doyle, studied at Harvard University

They have an interesting historical relationship. Naturally 95 percent or more of Mexicans have Asian heritage, and most realize this. So there’s an understanding that they have as much Asian blood as European, and with the more indigenous people, even more.

Also, in the northwest, and in the stolen piece of Mexico called California, there have been modern Chinese persecuted alongside modern Mexicans since the Gold Rush and the building of the railroads. Both have worked for gringos for shitty wages for 150 years. So there’s a certain mutual sympathy, until quite recently.

There are also more Chinese immigrants to Mexico than any other country except the U.S. So there is a substantial Chinese population at present. Mexicans love them some Chinese food, and Chinese restaurants are almost as ubiquitous as in London!

他们有着有趣的历史关系。当然，95%或更多的墨西哥人都有亚洲血统，大多数人都知道这一点。所以有一种理解是他们身上的亚洲血统和欧洲血统一样多，土著居民身上的亚洲血统更多。

此外，在美国西北部，在被从墨西哥盗走的加利福尼亚地区，自淘金热和修建铁路以来，现代中国人与现代墨西哥人一同惨遭迫害。这两个群体都为外国佬工作了150年，工资低得可怜。所以直到最近，他们之间还惺惺相惜。

墨西哥的中国移民数量也是除美国之外第二多的，所以目前有大量的中国人口。墨西哥人喜欢中国菜，中国餐馆几乎和伦敦一样无处不在!

But there is also a great deal of entrepreneurial resentment. I have been in artisanal craft stores where the owners shoo Chinese shoppers out, because they fear that offshore factory ships will reverse engineer and 3-D print the native crafts and then undercut them on price and corner the market. It is ridiculously expensive to import any electronics with Chinese chips (which means most), because Mexico enforces very strict anti-dumping laws against the Chinese.

That is shifting quite recently, as the Trump administration alienates and insults Mexico, and is saber-rattling about punitive re-structuring of NAFTA. China has seen its opening, and is cultivating trade agreements with Mexico — so the political and economic relationship between the countries is warming.

但也有很多企业家非常不满。我去过一些手工艺品店，店主会把中国顾客赶出去，因为他们担心中国的工厂会对本土产的工艺品进行逆向工程和3d打印，然后以更低的价格抢占市场。进口任何带有中国芯片的电子产品(这意味着大多数)都贵得离谱，因为墨西哥对中国实施了非常严格的反倾销法律。

最近，随着特朗普政府疏远和侮辱墨西哥，以及在北美自由贸易协定的惩罚性重组问题上虚张声势，这种情况正在发生转变。中国正在与墨西哥磋商贸易协定——两国之间的政治和经济关系正在升温。

Joe Kyle, Retired businessman & military officer

I live in the Yucatan peninsula, where the indigenous people are by far the largest ethnic group, and they are Mayans, but also Mexicans by nationality. Mayans tend to be very polite, respectful, patient, and tolerant people. I have never seen a Mayan treat anyone with anything other than a smile and respect.

Interestingly, when visiting Mayan ruin sites one will often hear from the guides, as they explain the meanings and symbolism of the ruins and glyphs, of an ancient link to China. I specifically recall when visiting Palenque and hearing the story of the Red Queen that the guide addressed links to China that seemed to exist at the site. Best said, no proven links between the ancient Maya and Chinese civilizations have been documented, but there are some indicators, or teasers, that suggest one.

我住在尤卡坦半岛，那里的土著人是最大的族群，他们是玛雅人，但国籍上也属于墨西哥。玛雅人通常都是非常有礼貌、尊重人、有耐心和宽容的人。我从来没有见过玛雅人用除了微笑和尊重之外的其他方式对待任何人。

有趣的是，当你参观玛雅遗址的时候，你会经常听到导游介绍遗迹和符号的含义和象征意义与中国古代存在关联。我记得特别清楚，在参观帕伦克遗址时，我听到红皇后的故事，导游就提到了与中国的关系。没有证据表明古代玛雅和中国文明之间存在关联，但有一些迹象表明了这一点。

Mikel Chesneau, Born in Monterrey, Mexico

As a Mexican who has met a couple of Chinese immigrants in my native city and has heard plenty of things other young Mexicans think about China and its people, I’d have to say that the vision is generally quite neutral.

We really appreciate Chinese people as they make delicious food which we really enjoy in Mexico, there’s a good amount of Chinese people running restaurants like that and many people love them. I think any Mexican that has talked to them and seen how their business is run would agree that they are very hard working.

I think the vision towards the Chinese has become more positive in recent years, in my neighborhood there were quite a few Chinese people and everybody was just happy to see some different people living in the city, since we don’t see a lot of Asians. One friend of mine was even happy to do some small talk with a Chinese guy at the mall who didn’t seem to be very proficient in Spanish.

And also, China is giving the middle finger to the US, which we find amusing. So that’s another source of respect towards the country.

作为一名墨西哥人，我在我的家乡遇到过几位中国移民，也听到了许多其他墨西哥年轻人对中国和中国人民的看法，我不得不说，这种看法总体上是相当中立的。

我们非常喜欢中国人做的美味食物，我们在墨西哥非常喜欢吃中餐，有很多中国人经营中餐厅，很多人喜欢他们。我想任何和他们谈过话，看过他们如何做生意的墨西哥人，都会认可他们工作起来非常努力。

我觉得近年来对中国人的看法变得越来越正面了，在我的社区里有相当多的中国人，每个人都很高兴看到不同的人住在这个城市，因为我们看不到很多亚洲人。我的一个朋友甚至很高兴在购物中心和一个不太精通西班牙语的中国人聊天。

同时，中国对美国竖起中指，我们觉得这很有种。所以这也是对中国的尊重的另一个来源。

Jossy Solá, lives in Mexico

I do not want to speak for everyone, but I think many of us think of Chinese people as dirty people? By dirty people I do not mean, they're dirty. Let me explain:

My dad sells things outside WalMart, sometimes he enters when he need to buy something. There is a food shop by chinese people, and what my dad saw was them washing the mop in the sink... for some of us that is not a good idea, that is not hygienic. So that was a bad impression from them.

Also maybe most of the people see chinese people as persons that eat almost everything (like dogs, fetus, etc.)

These are the two "stereotypes" I can find people may believe.

But obviously, the thoughts varies from person to person.

Cheers!

我不想代表所有人，不过我认为我们中有很多人认为中国人很脏？我说的脏，不是指他们肮脏。我来解释一下：我爸爸在沃尔玛外面卖东西，有时候他需要买东西时就会进沃尔玛。那儿有一家中国人开的食品店，我爸爸看到他们在洗碗池里洗拖把……对我们中的一些人来说，这不是一个好主意，不卫生。所以对他们有了坏印象。

而且，可能大多数人认为中国人什么都敢吃(比如狗、胎儿等)。

这是我发现人们可能相信的两种“刻板印象”。

但是很明显，每个人的想法都不一样。

干杯!

Derek Branum

I think they are embraced with affection. There are plenty of Chinese and Chinese~Mexican people in Mexico. Your question brings to mind memories of a favorite old bartender that worked at one of my favorite restaurants (Mijares) in Pasadena, Ca. His name was Johnnie , he was Chinese and grew up in the Yucatan peninsula of Mexico. He spoke fluent Spanish and we considered him a Chinomexican ! My casual experience of chatting with Mexicanos about Chinese ( Los chinos) is that they are hardworking industrious people who do good making and keeping money.

我想他们情感丰富。在墨西哥有很多中国人和华裔墨西哥人。你的问题让我想起了我最喜欢的一位老调酒师，他在加州帕萨迪纳市我最喜欢的一家餐馆工作。他的名字叫约翰尼，是中国人，在墨西哥的尤卡坦半岛长大。他能说一口流利的西班牙语，我们都以为他是美籍华人！我和墨西哥人聊过中国人，大家都认为他们是勤劳的人，既会赚钱，也会存钱。

Ksjf Gsnd

I dont know about other regions, but i can say that in my state baja california there is a strong presence of chinese culture, there are plenty of chinese restaurants and we mexicans love chinese food. In mexicali (the capital city) there is a “Barrio Chino” and in that city is said that they made the best chinese food in all Mexico. One of my best friends is part chinese and she one of the niciest persons i have ever met.Chinese people are generally seen as very “humildes” and hard working

我不知道其他地区的情况，但我可以说在我所在的下加利福尼亚，有着浓厚的中国文化，有着许多中餐馆，我们墨西哥人喜欢中国菜。墨西卡利(墨西哥首都)有一个“中国区”，据说那里的中餐是全墨西哥最好的。我最好的朋友之一就有中国血统，她是我见过的最友善的人之一。中国人通常都是非常“谦和”、努力工作的。

Fran Jaime, Mexican, Atheist, Hardcore realist. (1975-present)

My aunt Trini, my mom’s cousin, married a Chinese immigrant. I have nothing but beautiful, loving memories of my uncle Ángel (He was given that name by immigration officials. I think they couldn’t pronounce his real one). He was a very sweet, hardworking man. He owned a café de chinos (Chinese coffee shop) downtown, which always had delicious biscuits and coffee (Mexican kids drink coffee from an early age). I remember he had a jukebox and I lovd playing records there, but he would never let me put coins in. He would open it and then have me pick whatever songs I wanted. He treated my aunt like a queen. He was a bit strict with my cousins, but he never hit them. He died the same year as my father. He was a good man.

我的姨妈特里尼，我妈妈的表妹，嫁给了一个中国移民。我对安吉尔叔叔只有美好、充满爱的回忆(移民官员给他起了这个名字，我猜他们可能不知道怎么叫他的真名)。他是一个非常可爱、勤奋的人。他在市中心开了一家咖啡馆，店里总有美味的饼干和咖啡(墨西哥小孩从小就喝咖啡)。我记得他有一个自动点唱机，我喜欢在那里播放唱片，但他从来不让我放硬币进去。他会打开机子，然后让我挑选任何我想要的歌曲。他待我姨妈就如女王一般。他对我的表兄弟有点严厉，但从不打他们。他和我父亲同年去世。他是个好人。

Eduardo Sánchez Hidalgo, works at Lionbridge

I don't personally know a chinese person, but it seems to be two extreme oposite opinions about chinese people in México.

1.- People from China can be seen as rude, stuborn and cheating.

2.- Some mexicans think chinese people are natural born intelligent.

As I said, I don't personally know a chinese person, so I can only suppose there's all kind of people in China, as anywhere else in the world.

我自己并不认识中国人，但墨西哥境内对中国人存在两种极端看法。

1.中国人粗鲁、固执、不诚实。

2.也有一些墨西哥人认为中国人天生就很聪明。

就像我说的，我自己并不认识中国人，所以我只能说就像世界其他地方一样，中国也有各种各样的人。

Karina Acosta, I am Mexican

Most Mexicans think Chinese are stingy.

I haven’t met any Chinese, but I think positively about them because of I have read about them.

大多数墨西哥人认为中国人吝啬小气。

我没见过中国人，但我对他们的印象很好，因为我读过关于他们的文章。

Mike Garcia, Comic Illustrator and Knowledge Lover.

As people, a bit distant but friendly. As a culture, known for the chinese food restaurants and coffee shops. Economically, as a competitor, a country with cheap labor that has stolen business from our country. Usually regarded chinese products as bad quality ones, but that perception is slowly changing.

中国人，有点冷漠但很友好。中国文化，以中餐馆和咖啡厅闻名。在经济上，作为一个竞争对手，这个拥有廉价劳动力的国家抢走了我们国家的生意。人们通常认为中国产品质量低劣，但这种看法正在慢慢改变。

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