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小学英语语法基础:现在进行时

#小学英语知识点#

在学习之前,可以先回顾上篇《一般现在时》,本文我们将继续学习一般现在进行时。

看似简单,当动作现在发生时,是应用一般现在时还是现在进行时,我们需要考虑到一些细微差别。

现在进行时的规则:

1)以 -e 结尾的动词,去掉 -e 再接 -ing

例如:

dance – dancing .
make – making
written – writing
例外:see – seeing

2)当单词末尾以两个辅音字母之间加重元音(例如这种字母组合:wim、top)结尾,双写最后的辅音字母再加 -ing

例如:

run – running
get – getting
cut – cutting
swim – swimming
stop – stopping

3)记住,open例外 – opening

4)当动词以 L 结尾,双写 L 再加 -ing

例如:travel – travelling

5)当动词以 ie 结尾,替换 ie 为 y 再加 -ing

lie – lying
die – dying

理解现在进行时并使用

一、理解现在进行时

现在进行时是指当前说话时正在进行或发生的动作以及情况。例如“我正在看书”、“她正在吃饭”“汽车在行驶中”等,这种情况在英语中就要使用现在进行进时来表达,因为这些所涉及的动作在说话的时刻都正在进行中。

二、现在进行时的构成与用法

现在进行时构成很简单:

主语 + be + 动词 (ing) + 补语.

现在进行时由系动词be和表示现在进行中表动作的动词一起连用,动词后跟后缀-ing。

例如:

I am writing now.

我正在写作。

He is still sleeping.

他还在睡觉。

We are waiting for the snow to stop.

我们在等雪停。

They are waiting quietly now.

他们在安静地等待。

1)现在进行时的肯定句构成

I am playing now.

You are cooking the dinner.

I have is sleeping

She is cleaning the room now.

Item is working alone.

We are fixing the machine.

You are running in the park.

They are waiting for you.

2)现在进行时的否定句构成:

主语 + be + not + 动词 (ing) + 其它.

I am not playing now.

You are not cooking the dinner.

I have is not sleeping.

She is not cleaning the room now.

Item is not working.

We are not fixing the machine.

You are not running in the park.

They are not waiting for you.

3)现在进行时的疑问句构成:

be + 主语 + 动词 (ing) + 其它.

A.M I playing now.

Are you cooking the dinner.

Is I have sleeping.

Is she cleaning the room now.

Is Item working.

Are we fixing the machine.

Are you running in the park.

Are they waiting for you.

三、用法补充

1)表示现在短期内临时性的状态:

现在进行时还可以表示在短期内进行的动作或存在的状态,这种状态一般不会长期持存在下去,是临时的。并且在说话时刻也不一定正在发生或进行。如:

Don’t take that knife away. Your mother’s using it.

别把刀拿走,你妈妈要用。

He is Sorting his own files while his secretary is sick.

秘书生病时,他自己整理文件。

I’m going to the movies this weekend.

这个周末我要去看电影。

2)现在正在做活发生的状态:

例如:

I’m leaving ...
I’m reading ...
I’m working ...

说话的此时此刻已近在做而且短时间内不会结束的动作或事情。

3)表示计划:

即表示按计划或安排要发生的将来动作,这类用法在没有明确上下文的情况下,通常会连用一个表示将来时间的状语。如:

Are you swimming next week?

你下星期游泳吗?

We’re spending next summer in Singapore.

明天夏天我们再新加坡度过。

用 leave、arrive、go、take off、come, 等动词的现在进行时描写行程安排,也通常有含有将来意义。如:

He is arriving tomorrow night on the 8:50 train.

他乘早晨8:50的火车明天晚上到。

4)谈话的时间并没有做,但处于计划实施中。

例如:

I am learning English because I like to visit Great Britain.

我学习英语是因为我喜欢去英国。

Now I am learning English because I would like to visit the USA.

现在我学习英语是因为我想去美国。

5)表示重复的动作或状态:

现在进行时有时可以与 constantly、 always、forever、continually, 等表示动作时常发生的副词连用,以强调动作是不断重复的。

例如:

She is always losing her hat.

他总是丢帽子。

She is always thinking of her plan.

他一直在想她的计划。

He’s constantly changing her plan.

他老是改变计划。

Some students are forever talking.

有些学生总爱说话。

这些用法通常带有一定的感情色彩,例如厌烦、满意、责备、不满、赞扬、不以为然等。

练习

Q1. Listen! Someone ______ in the next classroom.

A. is talking B. was talking C. has talked D. talked

Q2. My brother ________ me. I have to leave now.

A. waits for B. waited for C. is waiting for D. was waiting for

Q3. —It’s time for party. Where is your mother, Lily?

—She ________ his car in the yard.

A. clean B. cleaned C. is cleaning D. will clean

Q4. The population of the country ________ still ________ now.

A. has; grown B. is; growing C. will; grow D. is; grown

Q5. Mr. Zhang ________ to the manager now. You’d better call him later.

A. talk B. talked C. is talking D. was talking

解答

Q1. 根据句中的 listen(听)可知,“有人正在说话”,故用现在进行时,所以选择A。

Q2. 根据后文的I have to leave now(我得马上走了)可推知,兄弟正在等,故用现在进行时,答案是C。

Q3. 发问的人在找 Lily 的母亲,而 Lily 说她的母亲在院子里洗车,很明显动作正在进行中,故用现在进行时,选C。

Q4. 根据句中的still(仍然)和now(现在)可知,句子应用现在进行时。又如:She is still sleeping. 她还在睡觉,所以选B。

Q5. 根据句中的 now(现在)可知,正在谈话中,所以用现在进行时态选择,故选择C。