1. Grade forgiveness allows students to retake a course in which they received a low grade, and the most recent grade or the highest grade is the only one that counts in calculating a student’s overall GPA. (2019年英语一阅读理解text2)
结构划分：① Grade forgiveness allows students to retake a course
② in which they received a low grade,
③ and the most recent grade or the highest grade is the only one
④ that counts in calculating a student’s overall GPA.
重点词汇：
forgiveness n. 原谅; 宽恕;
receive v. 接收;收到
overall adj. 全面的;综合的
calculate v. 计算; 核算
语法分析：本句主干为：Grade forgiveness allows students to retake a course and the most recent grade or the highest grade is the only one, 意思是：分数宽恕允许学生们重修课程，而最近的分数或最高分数是唯一的分数；除此之外，整个句子还包括两个定语从句。修饰成分in which they received a low grade是定语从句，修饰course, 意思是“他们得到低分的课程”；that counts in calculating a student’s overall GPA.也是定语从句，修饰前面的“the only one”；意为：计算学生总体GPA的唯一重要分数。
参考译文：分数宽恕允许学生们重修他们得到低分的课程，而最近的分数或最高分数是计算学生总体GPA的唯一重要分数。
2. Whenever decisions are based on masses of data, “you quickly get into a lot of ethical questions,”notes Tan Kiat How, chief executive of a Singapore-based agency that is helping the government develop a voluntary code for the ethical use of AI. (2019年英语一阅读理解text3)
结构划分：① Whenever decisions are based on masses of data,
②“you quickly get into a lot of ethical questions,”notes Tan Kiat How, chief executive of a Singapore-based agency
③ that is helping the government develop a voluntary code for the ethical use of AI.
重点单词：
chief n. 首领; adj. 主要的; 首席的;
executive n. 总经理; adj. 决策的;行政的;
ethical adj. 道德的; 伦理的 ;
code n. 代码 ; 标准，规则
agency n. 机构 ;
chief executive 总经理 ;
masses of 大量的;
get into 进入 ; 遇到...
voluntary code 自律守则;
语法分析：本句的主干部分是“‘you quickly get into a lot of ethical questions,”notes Tan Kiat How”，意思是“新加坡一家机构的首席执行官Tan Kiat How指出，“你很快就会遇到许多的道德问题。’”。句首的Whenever decisions are based on masses of data是一个时间状语从句，意思是“每当基于大量的数据去做决定时”；句子最后面的“that is helping the government develop a voluntary code for the ethical use of AI”是一个定语从句，用来修饰前面的名词a Singapore-based agency，意思是“新加坡一家机构正在帮助政府制定一套关于人工智能道德使用的自律守则”。
参考译文：新加坡一家机构的首席执行官Tan Kiat How指出，每当基于大量的数据去做决定时，“你很快就会遇到许多的道德问题。”该机构正在帮助政府制定一套关于人工智能道德使用的自律守则。