『想考高分的人,都关注了考满分』
“套磁”,是美国研究生申请中的一个术语,申请人通过Email跟自己梦校的教授联系,以此来增加自己被录取和获取奖学金的机会。
换成白话,有点”套近乎“的意思。
通常来讲,套磁在申博士的过程中比硕士更重要。硕士录取的决定权掌握在学院招生委员会手里,而博士的录取对象才是由教授拍板决定。所以想申硕士的同学,基本可以不用考虑套磁了,不过如果你能跟大牛教授做项目并且拿到他的推荐信,会为你的申请增添不少含金量。
还有就是理工科套磁比文商科有用,因为对于理工科的学生而言,所拿到的奖学金,其实就是教授的研究经费的一部分。因此,与其说是学校给你发奖学金,不如说是教授给你发。而对于文科,情况完全不同,研究经费一般由院系决定,教授可以起到的作用很有限。在美国研究生奖学金种类中,有TA和RA两种,TA是院系招生办评估的,会看重你的口语能力以及推荐信所涉及的内容。RA的决定权在教授手里,这是所有奖学金中唯一和教授直接相关的,因此“套磁”也很有必要。
除此之外,虽然套磁看起来是个“放长线”的事儿,但套好了,确实能钓到大鱼。如果教授对你感兴趣,你可以很顺利地确定自己意向的学校、心仪的教授,找好研究生阶段的学习定位和未来职业发展方向。要知道,一位适合自己、欣赏自己、了解自己的教授导师,能够引领自己走正确的道路,至少在研究生深造阶段,你会获益匪浅。
不过,人人都适合套磁吗?
No No No ……
首先,如果你的硬件条件灰常出色。
不可否认,国内很多同学,课内成绩简直无可挑剔,同样的学习能力放到托福、GRE上,想都不用想,分数高的简直如梦如幻。
但一般这样的高分学霸群体中,总会有只会学习忽略了科研实习的同学,而且,还不是少数……要知道,跟教授套磁,重点就是聊学术,没科研没项目还没确认学术方向,这磁根本没法套。所以如果你不幸正好是这类同学,建议不要贸然采取行动,免得弄巧成拙。
其次,条件平平。
分数上不上不下,对专业领域也没有较深的研究。对于这样的同学,申请方式上要有一定的策略。到底是要保综合排名高,还是要优先专业排名,是没全奖不行还是自费也可以考虑。总之,就是一定要取舍,知道自己的底限。
还有第三种,就是大牛。
牛人的概念大家自行界定。对于这样的人,只要递交材料,总会有offer,很多offer。套磁就显得是多此一举了。
除此之外,建议大家(尤其是申博)都来套磁,我们套磁的最终目的虽然是让教授录取我们,但其中比录取更重要的,是明晰自己的专业领域和申请方向,为选校做好准备。
弄清楚该不该套磁之后,我们再来说说该选什么样的教授套磁。
不能说套怎样的教授更容易得到offer,但联系怎样的教授能得到较高的回复率,还是有相对高低的。个人觉得,套磁的回复率从高到低是:assistant professor>associate professor>professor。
一般而言,assistant professor急于搭建自己的实验室,招兵买马,所以对学生的需求可能更大。另一方面,系里可能都会考虑到AP一开始没有学生,所以在一开始都会给AP招几个学生。
至于professor,无论是实验室运转还是招生数量都维持在一个相对稳定的情况下。很可能都是一两年内招1个新学生。这取决于实验室目前是否饱和,是否有项目更新等客观问题。associate professor则介于两者之间。
接下来就是时间的问题了:什么时候套磁?
这种事情,总有人喜欢给它划上一个月份分明的时间段,可是真的是因人而异。只要你觉得准备好了,那就开始套!不要因为看到周围的申请者忙着“套磁”,就担心导师都被“套”完了。事实上,这种担心是多余的。即使导师有可能被别人联系了个遍,你也要明白这样一个道理:申请是一个“择优录取”的过程,而不是“先到先得”。
如果你一切都已经准备妥当,对专业领域有一定的认识,什么时候可以开始套磁呢?答案是越早越好。
在这个过程中,你会对你已有的专业认识进行纠正,对专业方向有更清晰的把握。更重要的是,在和导师联系的过程中,你会对自己有一个准确的定位。逐渐意识到自己究竟能申请到怎样的学校,后续的申请事宜也就变得水到渠成,顺理成章了。
注意以下13点,你的套磁信基本就不会一去不回。
(1)尽可能地定制套磁信,即使是模板,也最好加上一点和教授的研究内容相关的东西,能谈及他的论文的最好。
基本上讨论教授项目,论文的都会给回复。有的教授还会要求在邮件的主题上加特别的标示,方便他做邮件的过滤,这个时候最好看看教授主页的要求。有的教授会要求你做一个google site给他,有的会要求你最好看看他的论文,在套磁信里和他discuss一下,这些都要求你不能去海套。
(2)在套磁信的文本后面附上一段小的CV。不要用附件的形式发送CV,事实证明附件没有教授会看,因为CV里面你不知道什么东西会触动教授。
(3)保证和教授的研究的match程度。
鉴于目前的申请形势,即便research不是特别match,只要你之前的项目或者你的能力对教授有用就可以套磁,并且有套中的可能性。可以说“Dear Prof. XX,我之前做过xx项目,用了xx算法,解决了什么问题,我发现你的研究目前如何如何,不知道你的项目组是否还有opening,我希望能够加入做做贡献”,基本上这样教授都会回复。因为你套磁的时候,可能PS还没出来,或者教授根本还没看过你的PS,可以大胆说。
(4)看清楚教授的项目组,最好不要同时套同一个项目组的教授。
(5)套磁信的内容直接了当比较好,说你做过什么,有什么想法,对他的研究有什么看法,希望能够加入做研究,问他有没有opening。
一般这样教授发现你不是模板,都会给你回复。如果有opening就要开始做一些学术套磁。一般看看论文和project的介绍就可以了。个人认为,不要去提太多的问题,言多必失,更何况你之前未必对教授的研究有多了解。比较靠谱的方法,就是把教授的研究和你之前的项目,或者研究扯上关系,说说与我心有戚戚焉的话。不要不懂装懂比较好。如果你的研究和教授完全没有关系,你还在邮件里写的很happy,给教授的感觉就是不match。
(6)要做好长期套磁的准备,但是不要抱太多的希望,这种事情和中彩票差不多,太投入了可能就会做作,会迎合。
其实没有必要,保持学术的独立性,你和教授是平等的,也是双向选择,没有必要一开始就拍胸脯,表决心。也没有必要为了一个offer,去套自己根本不感兴趣领域的教授。
(7)选校的时候,根据自己将来可能套磁的教授的比例,进行排序。
教授太少就pass吧,毕竟出去拿RA的多,TA和fellowship少很多。然后根据你能套磁的教授的研究,略微修改下PS,如果胆子大点,在PS里可以提提教授的名字。
(8)一般来说,助理教授,副教授比较好套,研究小组才成立的比较好套。
看看教授的主页,看看他开始研究的时间,看看他目前的project的funding状况,有的教授的一个project的钱居然只有十几W刀,或者project的级别是系里的,这种教授的钱估计不好拿。
(9)看看教授的学生里面,近几年是否有招学生,以及学生的去向。
如果没有学生列表的,可以看他的public list。如果学生都是05年的,基本就不要人了。同样论文列表最新的也是2002年,那就基本没戏。
(10)如果教授学生列表里面有中国人,那么可以尝试联系下师兄,问问情况。注意有的教授的学生列表可能还在,但是大部分已经出走。分析学生列表可以作为判断是不是变态老师依据之一。
新加坡国大的某教授的学生状态就很不正常。看看学生在论文中的排序,很少有学生一作的要小心。注意教授一年发paper的数量,太多的情况就要注意。如果全是会议论文,那么脑子里面要敲敲警钟。
(11)中国教授,很多看的是研究能力,编码能力,套磁信里要突出这些。
反套的中国教授普遍看重能力,GPA,GT之类基本忽视,但是可能会希望你尽快答应,或者喜欢进行突击面试,并且问的很细,而且有的会在电话里面就给offer,有些中国教授是中文面,或者学生代面,如果到了面试这关,说明你的CV,能力基本过关,面试就是看看你的意向,不要太水,offer基本就到手了。
(12)白人的AP普遍态度较好,但是可能也很忙,邮件的主题就有讲究。
一般来说,“xx问题的请教”这种主题一般不回。“PHD申请者希望加入研究小组”好多都回,说“2017博士生希望加入研究小组”每篇必回。所以拿了AD,套磁也不晚。
(13)论文看近几年的就可以,看太多没有意义,看和教授的project相关的论文就可以。
最后看一些套磁信范例:
范例一:
Dear xxx,
It is of great honor for me to contact you for the application of a PhD position in your prestigious group.
I am xxx, a master student majored in Materials Engineering at xxx University, which is ranked around 10 in China. I am very interested in working with you so I write this email to you.
I have passed the pre-application of the department, and the coordinator advised me submit a formal application to the department for further assessment. I have indicated in the application that I would like to join in your research group, because firstly my research background matches your research topics very well and secondly I am quite interested in working with you world leading scientists.
I would like to describe my research experience in short. Since I was a third year undergraduate student in 2008, I entered the labs to do research on nano materials. My research experience ranged from synthesis of hollow carbon spheres, synthesis of hollow magnetite spheres for microwave absorption, to the synthesis of hollow hybrid between magnetic materials and semiconductors for photocatalysis as well as synthesis of heterostructured Fe2O3-ZnO nanotubes for gas sensing etc. I think my research background matches the research topics in your group very well, so I want to further my PhD studies with the supervision from you.
Besides, I have some output for the research. I have 8 publications in the international journals, including Journal of Materials Chemistry (one paper, first author ),Materials Letters (two papers, first author), Journal of Solid State Chemistry (third author), ACS applied materials and interfaces and so on.
In addition, I have got outstanding academic record for both my undergraduate studies and master studies, ranking top 10% out of 350 students and top 5% out of 120 students, respectively. If you want to know more about me, please see my CV in this email. Thank you very much. And I hope you can spare some time to read my application and CV and then consider my application. I will really appreciate it.
I will be granted the master degree in June, so after that time I will be available for work if you would like to take me as a new student in your group.
I am very keen to work with you and I am looking forward to your reply,
Best Regards,
xxxxx
范例二:
Dear Prof. XXXXX
My name is XXXXX, a 1st year Ph. D. candidate from School of XXXXX, XXXX University, P. R. China, supervised by Prof. XXXXX, and my major is XXXXXX. I write this email to inquire whether an open position as a research student is available.
Currently, Chinese government launched Ph. D. training programme supported by China Scholarship Council (CSC) and if my application for studing in University of XXXXX is approved, I will get the opportunity of being supported by a Chinese National Fund. And the specific way is that the students who want to study abroad to earn the Ph. D. degree should first apply for the certification of tuition scholarship or free charge from the hosting universities, and CSC will subsidize the students with the living expenses during the period of studying abroad.
University of XXXXX is the university with high reputation, where many students, including Chinese students, would like to enter for further education, and she also gets the excellent collaboration with CSC in Ph. D. training program. For a long time, I am very interested in the research of XXXXXXX. After visiting your web site, I find that you have been working on XXXXXXXX. As I know, you are the leading scientist in this field of XXXXXXX. Your research on this field deeply attracts me, so I write to you to see if you can give me a chance to enter your group under your supervision for further education.
My CV is attached in the attachment.
I am looking forward to hearing from you.
Best regards,
Yours sincerely,
XXXXXX
范例三:
Dear Professor XXX,
My name is XXX, a master student at both XXX University (China) and XXX University (Sweden). I found the doctor position in XXX on the website of XXX and I am very interested in it.
I had my bachelor degree in International Political Economics and a double degree in Economics, both from XXX University. Now as an Erasmus scholarship holder, I am pursuing two master degrees at XXX University, major in International Relations, and XXX University, the master program of Global study. I have got excellent grades throughout my education, and I am highly motivated to keep on with my study and research in the future. (Please find my CV and transcripts in the attachment.)
The Global study program is an interdisciplinary program, which provides me with basic knowledge in sociology, psychology and gender study. It is during this program that I realized interdisciplinary study very desirable and necessary in social science and expect to continue my academic research in such an environment. Meanwhile, my three years’ study in Economics renders me a solid knowledge and prepares me for further study on relevant topics.
Currently, I am working on my master thesis on the topic of “XXXXXXXXXXXX”, which I find highly relevant to this doctoral position. I have started the research since last year, and almost finish with my first draft now. The research has equipped me with fundamental knowledge on EU, and some expertise on the European Parliament. I have developed a strong interest in XXX issue in the policy of European Parliament, and I am eager to extend my research on this topic to the whole EU system.
Thus I see the position in XXX for Global Governance Studies a wonderful opportunity for me, and I really want to seize the chance.
Thanks for your time, and looking forward to your reply.
Best Regards
XXX
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