孙中山头像中华民国开国纪念币（俗称“小孙头”或者“孙小头”）来历，至1911年底辛亥革命之后，1912年1月3日，中华民国政府成立，由于币制尚未建立，除四川改铸大汉银币，福建改铸中华元宝外，主要的造币厂，大都仍沿用前清钢模铸造银币，以供流通需要。图案采用大总统孙中山肖像，以后的通用银币再改花纹式样。孙中山令财政部行文，同意鼓铸纪念币，并命令其余的通用银币新花纹，“中间应绘五谷模型，取丰岁足民之义，垂劝农务本之规”，训令财政部速制新模，分令各省造币厂照式鼓铸。不久，财政部就颁下新模给江南(南京)、湖北、广东等造币厂依式铸造，这就是“中华民国孙中山像开国纪念币”的由来。
中华民国开国纪念币是近代中国钱币中的精品，有着历史熏陶，是价值很高的革命文物，具有深远的历史纪念意义；同时，还是考古和研究中国历史文化难得的实物。 珍贵的中华民国“开国纪念币”记录了辛亥革命惊天动地的伟大历史，由于历经百年风雨，“开国纪念币”存世量极为稀少，尤其是品相好的更为稀缺，因此很受收藏爱好者青睐。
藏品介绍
中文名称：孙中山开国纪念币
英文名称：The founding COINS of sun yat-sen
类别：杂项
规格：一枚
品相：美品
背面边缘有英文MEMENTO - BIRTH OF REPUBLIC OF CHINA（中华民国开国纪念币）整币品相好，色泽包浆自然、底光柔和，有如绸缎。文字图案细腻清晰，总体保存完整，字体纹饰均清晰可辨，此版特征是，钱币背面左右分列六角星。1912年3月10日，袁世凯盗取大总统后时间不长，该版纪念币停止铸造。1914年，也就是民国三年，开始铸造袁大头，替代了1912年版“孙小头”的主体地位。因铸造时间不长，存世量小，市场价格较
嘉禾图案：嘉禾”，美禾，茁壮之禾，硕大之禾，祥瑞之禾也。东汉许慎《说文》云：“禾，嘉谷也。以二月而种，八月始熟，得时之中，故谓之禾。”王充《论衡·讲瑞篇》云：“嘉禾生于禾中，与禾中异穗，谓之嘉禾。”古人多以“嘉禾”为祥瑞之物，与甘露醴泉并称。如班固《汉书·公孙弘传》云：“甘露降，风雨时，嘉禾兴。”也就是生长得特别茁壮的禾稻，古人视嘉禾图案为吉祥的象征。
据考究寓意注解： 隶书“民”→流行将「民」字最后一划拉长，其解释为推翻满清，象征民主胜利(人民出头)，也宣示乃大众的政府。 梅花→左右五瓣梅花各一支，五权宪法意者也。后即以此为国花（五权指：立法权、司法权、行政权、弹劾权和考试权）。 豆、麦穗→民国元年三月二日，孙中山颁布临时大总统令，对新造货币式样作了规定《拟另刊新模，鼓铸纪念币，…其余通用新币，中间应绘五谷模型，取丰岁足民之义，垂劝农务本之规》五谷指：稻、黍（即黄米）、稷（即谷子）、麦、菽（即豆）。 三叶→背，中间壹圆二字，而辅以嘉禾各一支，每支一穗三叶，三民主义意也（三民主义主要包括民族主义、民权主义和民生主义）。
孙中山头像中华民国开国纪念币银元，正面中央为孙中山侧面肖像，边缘内上镌中文隶书体“中华民国”4字、下镌“开国纪念币”5字、左右长枝花饰。背面中央为中文隶书体“壹圆”及嘉禾，边缘英文“中华民国”、“壹圆”，左右分列五角星(后改为六角星)。直线边齿，成色89%，俗称“小头”。该币作为中华民国国币发行。中华民国孙像开国纪念币银元，由于铸造厂家不一，铸造年代不同，雕刻师英语水平不高，除正背面主要图案未变外，其花饰细节、英文字母均有变异，特别是英文字母差错较多。这就形成了该币的多种版别。传世较广的主要有两种：一种是五角星版式，一种是六角星版式。
国民政府又在广州成立，民国15年迁武汉，民国16年(公元1927年)定都南京。为纪念国父孙中山丰功伟绩，中央所铸货币均用国父像，南京、天津诸造币厂于民国16年、17年重新铸造中华民国孙像开国纪念币。银元正面及背面基本上与前品相同，而左右上方分列六角星。由于该币正背面图案比较正规，中英文没有差错，又设置六角星，故称其为六角星版。袁世凯窃取大总统后，该币即停铸，因时间短暂，流用不多，尤显珍贵。
这枚银币是罕见的六星版，孙中山被称为国父，开国纪念币是2000多年封建王朝转变为民主社会的第一见证货币，我们称它为六星孙小头，也叫它为国父币，更是‘藏头’中的一绝，藏住了民国的开端，见证了封建王朝的覆灭，由以前的龙纹，自诩为真龙天子的家族政权，演变为以民为主社会，这枚开国纪念币历史研究价值非常，收藏价值极高，是收藏界里宠儿。
昌化鸡血石是中国特有的珍贵宝石，具有鸡血般的鲜红色彩和美玉般的天生丽质 ，历来与珠宝翡翠同样受人珍视，以“国宝”之誉驰名中外。清乾隆年所修《浙江通志》曾记载：“昌化县产图章石，红点若朱砂，亦有青紫如玳瑁，良可爱玩，近则罕得矣。
昌化鸡血石产于浙江省临安市昌化西北的“浙西大峡谷”源头的玉岩山。
冻石，简称“冻”。是用于雕刻工艺品和印章的材料，晶莹润泽，可分为多种冻石。冻石也可理解为冷冻的石头。透明或半透明肉冻状的块状叶蜡石、地开石。按色调分为白冻、乌冻、黄冻、粉冻、灰冻、黑白彩、黄白彩等。
色形有团块状、条带状、星点状、云雾状等形态。其质地、透明度、颜色好坏、血度(含辰砂与否及量比、分布)、色泽鲜艳程度以及形态等评价标准，在各矿山并不一致。含辰砂的已列为另一亚种——鸡血冻。
藏品介绍
中文名称：满堂红昌化鸡血冻石
英文名称：Full of red blood frozen stone
类别：杂项
规格：一方
品相：美品
我们把含百分之70以上血量的称之为大红包，百分之90以上全红的称为满堂红，为顶级鸡血石，而鸡血冻又是鸡血石中极为罕见的，我们知道物质到了一定的年份，质地就会发生变化，所谓千万年成石亿年成玉，这点通过树化玉就能很好的体现，冻石就是已经达到了玉化的级别，呈现半透明，有如果冻一般，美艳动人。
这件鸡血石石纹痕迹十分的明显，表面有纵横裂绺，为典型的天然矿物特征，昌化的鸡血石是中国特有的名贵石种之一，具有艳丽鲜红如鸡血般的色彩和亮晶如美玉般的光泽，被誉为“国宝”而驰名中外，是中国四大名石之一。
昌化鸡血石形成于晚侏罗纪（约一亿年前）流纹凝灰岩中，是朱砂（硫化汞HgS）在高岭石（Ko）与地开石（Di）之间不断渗染而成，摩氏硬度为 2~3 ，比重为 2.66~2.9 ，其成份为 AI2（Si4O10）(OH)2。发现与开采有1000多年历史， 广泛利用兴于明清时期。明代昌化鸡血石工艺品已成为皇宫和英国博物馆的珍藏品。清代康熙，雍正、乾隆、嘉庆、咸丰、同治、宣统等历代皇帝与后妃选昌化鸡血石作为玉玺。郭沫若、吴昌硕、齐白石、徐悲鸿、潘天寿、钱君淘、叶浅予等众多文化名流，与昌化鸡血石结下了不解之缘。当今，一个以采集，收藏，研究，展销为主的昌化鸡血石热，正风靡中华大地。昌化鸡血石文化及五大洲，尤其在日本，韩国和新加坡等，东南亚国家及世界华人界更享盛誉。
昌化鸡血石的工艺用途主要是制作印章、雕刻工艺品和原石欣赏等。在众多印石中，昌化鸡血石是中国“印石三宝”之一，并以撩人的美姿，赢得“印石皇后”之誉，为中国印文化的发展作出了独特的贡献；同时又为我国的玉雕工艺创造了“鸡血”巧雕的独特流派，其作品以“瑰丽、高雅、精巧、多”著称。
在评选中国国石中，昌化鸡血石具备了“四性”：独有性——据我国地质部门的调查和各国地质文献的记载，世界其他国家尚未发现此类矿产；奇特性——形、色即奇异，又特别，十分罕见；观赏性——形、色、纹理及质地美丽无比，百玩难舍，从中获益；文化性——在传统文化中有一席之地，皇帝宠爱，布衣珍惜。
昌化鸡血石在1999年以来的历次中国国石评选中，均为首选国石之一。宝玉石专家称昌化鸡血石为“中华瑰宝”。
这方鸡血冻石章料，无磕，无残，品相完美，矿物质的绺裂特征明显，为开门的真品鸡血石，鸡血石表现红白相间，有如肌肉纹理，形式雪花牛肉，部分表现如荔枝肉般的冻石，整个章料表现丰富，无任何雕工却美到了极致，极大了体现鸡血石的美感，目前市场上鸡血石极其稀缺，具有极高的收藏价值。
英文翻译：Sun yat-sen, head of the republic of China the founding COINS (commonly known as "note" or "little sun") origin, after the end of 1911 the revolution, on January 3, 1912, the government of the republic of China was founded, because of the monetary system has not yet been established, in addition to remold the big fellow of sichuan silver COINS, outside fujian remold the wing, the main mint, mostly still continue to use the clearance die casting silver COINS, need for circulation. The design is based on the portrait of President Sun Yat-sen, and the pattern of the silver coin was changed later. Sun ordered the Ministry of Finance to write a letter approving the drumming of commemorative COINS and ordering the rest of the general coin to have new patterns. "The grain model should be painted in the middle to give full meaning to the people and to persuade farmers to follow the rules of agriculture." He instructed the Ministry of Finance to make new models as soon as possible and to instruct the mints of all provinces to make drums according to the pattern. Soon, the Ministry of Finance issued a new model to the South of the Yangtze River (Nanjing), Hubei, Guangdong and other mints according to the type of casting, this is the "Republic of China Sun Yat-sen as the founding commemorative coin" origin.
The founding commemorative coin of the Republic of China is one of the best COINS in modern China. It has historical edification, is a revolutionary cultural relic of high value and has profound historical significance. At the same time, it is also a rare object of archaeology and research on Chinese history and culture. The precious "founding commemorative coin" of the Republic of China records the earth-shattering history of the 1911 Revolution. Due to the hundred years of wind and rain, the "founding commemorative coin" is very rare, especially in good condition, so it is very popular among collectors.
The collection is introduced
Chinese name: Sun Yat-sen founding commemorative coin
The founding COINS of sun Yat-sen
Category: Miscellaneous
Specification: one coin
Appearance: Beautiful
Back edge has English MEMENTO - BIRTH OF REPUBLIC OF CHINA (REPUBLIC OF CHINA founding coin) the whole coin product good, color and color OF natural pulp, soft bottom light, like silk. The text design is exquisite and clear, the overall preservation is complete, the font decoration is clearly distinguishable, this version is characterized by the coin back left and right hexagonal stars. On March 10, 1912, not long after Yuan Shikai stole the first President, the commemorative coin ceased to be minted. In 1914, in the third year of the Republic of China, yuan's head began to be cast, replacing the 1912 edition of "Sun Xiaotou" as the main body. Because the casting time is not long, the quantity is small, the market price is relatively
Golden Grain design: Golden Grain, beautiful grain, strong and strong grain, huge grain, auspicious grain also. The Eastern Han Dynasty Xu Shen "said the text" cloud: "He, Jia Gu also. With February and kind, in August beginning ripe, in time, so that he. Wang Chong, "On balance · Talk rui" cloud: "He was born in the grain, and the different ears of the grain, known as the harvest. Ancient people most regarded "Jiahe" as such blessed and lichen springs are called as such. For example, Ban Gu's Book of Han, Gongsun Hong Biography said: "When the dew falls, the harvest rises." It is also the growth of special strong rice, the ancients regarded the pattern of golden harvest as a symbol of good luck.
According to moral fastidious comments: official script "people" and popular will "people" in the last one to pull long, its explanation to overthrow the manchu, symbol of victory of democracy (s), and declare it is a popular government. Plum blossom → about five plum petals each one, the constitution of the five rights also. After that, it is regarded as the national flower (the five powers refer to legislative, judicial, executive, impeachment and examination powers). Beans, wheat and first year of the republic of China on March 2, Dr. Sun yat-sen interim executive order, issued by the new currency style made regulations "to another issue of the new mould, casting COINS, drum... the rest of the general new, intermediate should draw the grain model, from the meaning of feng, sufficient, vertical to the complex rules of grain: rice, millet (i.e. yellow rice), millet (millet) and wheat, glycine (pea). Three leaves → back, middle one yuan two words, supplemented by jiahe each one, each ear of three leaves, three people's principles meaning also (three People's principles mainly include nationalism, civil rights and people's livelihood).
Sun Yat-sen's head is the silver coin for the founding of the Republic of China, the front center is sun Yat-sen's profile portrait, the edge engraved With Chinese official script "Republic of China" 4 characters, engraved with the bottom engraved with "founding of the Republic of China" 5 characters, around the long branches of flowers. On the back is "one yuan" in Chinese official script and Jiahe in the middle. On the edge are "Republic of China" and "one yuan" in English. On the left and right are five pointed stars (later changed to six pointed stars). Linear edge tooth, 89% color, commonly known as "small head". The currency is issued as the national currency of the Republic of China. The founding of the Republic of China sun As a commemorative coin silver, due to the foundry different, different casting age, engraver English level is not high, in addition to the front and back of the main pattern has not changed, the flower details, The English letter has a variation, especially the English letter error more. This forms a variety of editions of the coin. There are two kinds of widely handed down: one is the five-pointed star format, the other is the six-pointed star format.
The National government was founded in Guangzhou, moved to Wuhan in 15 years, in 16 years (AD 1927) became the capital of Nanjing. To commemorate the great achievements of Sun Yat-sen, the founding of the Republic of China was recast in nanjing and Tianjin mints in 16/17. The front and back of the silver is basically the same as the front, and the left and right upper part of the hexagonal star. Since the front and back of the coin have normal patterns, there is no mistake in both Chinese and English, and there is a hexagonal star, so it is called hexagonal star version. After Yuan Shikai stole the great President, the coin was stopped casting, because of the short time, the flow is not much, especially precious.
A six star version of this coin is a rare, sun yat-sen was known as the father of the nation, the founding COINS is 2000 years of feudal dynasty into a democratic society the first witness currency, we call it six star sun small head, also call it father for money, but also "orz" in a special skill, hide the beginning of the republic of China, witnessed the demise of the feudal dynasty, by the dragon grain, family power, claiming to be a real dragons turned into society gives priority to with the people, this founding COINS very historical research value, high value for collection, is a darling in the collectors.
Changhua chicken blood stone is a unique precious stone in China. It has the bright red color like chicken blood and the natural beauty like beautiful jade. It has always been cherished by people as well as jewelry and jadeite, and is known as "national treasure" at home and abroad. In the year of Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty, it was recorded in "Zhejiang Tongzhi" that: "Changhua County produced signet stones, red dots such as cinnabar, also have purple like tortoiseshels, good and lovely play, it is rare near.
Changhua jixue stone is produced in the northwest of Changhua, Lin 'an city, Zhejiang Province, the source of the "West Zhejiang Grand Canyon" Yuyan Mountain.
Frozen stone, referred to as "frozen". It is used for carving handicrafts and seals. It is crystal and moist and can be divided into a variety of frozen stones. Frozen stone can also be understood as frozen stone. Transparent or semitransparent fleshy - shaped block pyrophyllite, diolithite. Press tonal cent is white jelly, wu Jelly, yellow jelly, powdery jelly, gray jelly, black and white color, yellow and white color.
The color shape has the shape of mass, strip, star dot, cloud and so on. Its quality, transparency, color, blood (containing cinnabar or not and quantity ratio, distribution), bright color degree and shape of evaluation criteria, in each mine is not consistent. Cinna-containing has been listed as another subspecies - chicken blood jelly.
The collection is introduced
Chinese name: Mantanghongchanghua chicken blood frozen stone
Full of Red Blood Frozen Stone
Category: Miscellaneous
Specification: One party
Appearance: Beautiful
We call containing more than seventy percent HP big red envelopes, more than ninety percent of full red called every, as the top stones, and chicken blood frozen is extremely rare in the stone, we know that the material in a certain year, quality of a material will change, the so-called thousand Wan Niancheng stone in jade, this through the jade tree can be a very good reflected, frozen stone is has reached the level of jade, transparent, like a jelly man, beautiful and moving.
This chicken blood stone stone grain trace is very obvious, the surface has the crisscrossing grain, is the typical natural mineral characteristic, changhua chicken blood stone is one of the unique precious stones in China, has the bright red color like chicken blood and bright crystal like beautiful jade luster, is known as the "national treasure" and is one of the four famous stones in China.
Changhua chicken blood stone was formed in rhyolite tuff in late Jurassic (about 100 million years ago). It is cinar (mercuric sulfide HgS) which is continuously infiltrated between kaolinite (Ko) and geodetic stone (Di). Mohs hardness is 2~3, specific gravity is 2.66-2.9, and its composition is AI2 (Si4O10) (OH)2. Discovery and mining has a history of more than 1,000 years, widely used in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. In the Ming Dynasty, changhua jixue stone handicraft has become a treasure in the royal palace and the British museum. Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty, Yongzheng, Qianlong, Jiaqing, Xianfeng, Tongzhi, Xuantong and other emperors and imperial concubines selected Changhua jixue stone as the seal. Many cultural celebrities, such as Guo Moruo, Wu Changshuo, Qi Baishi, Xu Beihong, Pan Tianshou, Qian Juntao and Ye Xianyu, have formed an inseparable bond with Changhua Jixue Shi. Today, a collection, collection, research, exhibition and marketing - based Changhua chicken blood stone fever, is sweeping the land of China. Changhua jixue stone culture and five continents, especially in Japan, South Korea and Singapore, southeast Asian countries and the world Chinese community is more famous.
Changhua jixue stone is mainly used for making seals, carving crafts and appreciating raw stones. Among the many inscriptions, changhua jibloodstone is one of the "three treasures of Inscriptions", and won the reputation of "Queen of Inscriptions" with its tantalizing beauty, making a unique contribution to the development of Chinese inscriptions; At the same time for China's jade carving craft to create "chicken blood" a unique school of artistic carving, its works to "magnificent, elegant, exquisite, more" known.
In the selection of China's national stone, changhua jixue stone has "four characteristics" : unique -- according to the survey of China's geological department and geological records of various countries, no other countries have found this kind of mineral resources; Odd characteristics - shape, color is strange, but also special, very rare; Ornamental - the shape, color, texture and texture of the beautiful, a hundred play hard to give up, from the benefits; Culture - there is a place in the traditional culture, the emperor dote on cloth treasure.
Changhua jixue stone has been selected as one of the first choice in the selection of China's national stones since 1999. Precious jade stone experts called changhua jixue stone "Chinese treasure".
Side chicken blood stone material of cold, no depletion, no residue, quality perfect, mineral lock crack characteristics significantly, to open the door of the real stone, stone red and white, like a muscle texture, form snow beef, some performance such as litchi meat frozen stone, the whole chapter are rich, but without any decor beauty to perfection, greatly reflects the aesthetic feeling of bloodstone, bloodstone extremely scarce on the market at present, has a very high collection value.